Leonardite

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Leonardite is a soft, waxy, shiny and translucent mineraloid that can be easily dissolved in alkalis . As an oxidation product of lignite , it is found in layers of brown coal close to the surface .

Leonardite is rich in humic acids (up to 90%) and is used as a soil conditioner, for the remediation of contaminated soils and as an aid in the drilling industry. Leonardit was named after AG Leonard , director of the North Dakota Geological Survey, in recognition of his work in the field.

Emergence

Leonardite is a co-find of the near-surface brown coal mining. It is believed that leonardite is formed by the oxidation of lignite. This assumption can be supported by comparative chemical analyzes of leonardite and lignite.

Occurrence

Leonardite was first mentioned by the North Dakota Geological Survey - as an accompanying find of almost all lignite deposits in the state of North Dakota. In addition, Leonardite was mentioned worldwide for the extraction of lignite and lignite, for example in Alberta ( Canada ), in Achlada and Zeli ( Greece ), in Turkey and in Australia .

use

Soil improver

Leonardite is used to prepare floors. To do this, it is either applied directly into the soil or a further processed humic acid source is applied. Its potential to also bind carbon, especially through the accelerated development of microbes in the soil, creates a basis for extensive research on the subject of lignite as a bio-fertilizer in Victoria (Australia).

Remediation of contaminated soils

Leonardite can be applied directly to contaminated soil, for example to reduce the uptake of heavy metals by crops. This effect is reinforced by the addition of compost .

Additive in the drilling industry

Leonardite has proven itself as an additive in drilling for the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons or geothermal energy . It dilutes and stabilizes the drilling fluids, keeps their temperatures constant and prevents the lime mud from hardening in areas around 150 ° C. It was first used during the Second World War , when the additive quebracho tannin was hard to come by.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus KE Neuendorf, James P. Mehl Jr., Julia A. Jackson: Glossary of Geology . 5th edition. American Gelogocal Institute, Alexandria, Virginia 2005, ISBN 978-0-922152-76-6 , pp. 369 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ↑ Kim H. Tan: Humic Matter in Soil and the Environment: Principles and Controversies . Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York; Basel 2003, ISBN 978-0-203-91254-6 , pp. 26 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ GL Hoffman, DJ Nikols, S. Stuhec, RA Wilson: Evaluation of Leonardite (Humalite) Resources of Alberta. In: ags.aer.ca. Alberta Geological Survey, March 1, 1993, accessed April 25, 2019 .
  4. ↑ DM Odzoba, JC Blyth, RF Engler, H. Dinel, M. Schnitzer: Leonardite and humified organic matter . In: EA Ghabbour, G. Davies (Eds.): Special Publication - Royal Society of Chemistry . tape 273 , no. 1 , 2001, p. 309-314 , doi : 10.1039 / 9781847551085-00309 (English, previsemanufacturing.com ( memento of June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive )). Leonardite and humified organic matter ( Memento of the original from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / previsemanufacturing.com
  5. ↑ Roger W. Youngs, Clyde M. Frost: Humic acids from leonardite: a soil conditioner and organic fertilizer . In: Proc. ND Acad. Sci. tape 55 , 1963, pp. 95-99 ( PDF file ( Memento from March 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive )).
  6. ^ Edward C. Murphy: Arthur Gray Leonard. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018 ; accessed on June 25, 2018 .
  7. ^ Victorian Competition & Efficiency Commission, Inquiry into Regulatory Barries to Regional Economic Development, November 15, 2004. Submission 54
  8. ↑ Official homepage of Latrobe Fertilisers Holdings Ltd. Retrieved April 25, 2019 .
  9. ^ MP Bernal, R. Clemente, DJ Walker: The Role of Organic Amendments in the Bioremediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils . In: AB Gore (Ed.): Environmental Research at the Leading Edge . Nova Science, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-60021-431-8 , pp. 1–57 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  10. ^ Henry CH Darley, George Robert Gray: Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids . 5th edition. Gulf Professional Publishing, Housten, Texas 1988, ISBN 0-87201-147-X , pp. 585 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).