Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs

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The Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs (LIV) is an etymological dictionary of the Proto- Indo-European verb. It was created under the direction of Helmut Rix . The first edition was published in 1998 by Dr.-Ludwig-Reichert-Verlag Wiesbaden, the second ( ISBN 3-89500-219-4 ) was published in 2001.

The book is largely based on the Indo-European etymological dictionary by Julius Pokorny , but reconstructs the roots as the first Indo-European dictionary based solely on the laryngeal theory .

Admission and criticism

  • Seebold regards the evidence for some roots as inadequate, since in some cases only a single subsidiary language is given. The LIV countered this criticism with the objection that the assessment of the approaches based on the evidence should be left to the reader.
  • The LIV describes the criticism of assigned word meanings as "basically justified".
  • Meier-Brügger cautiously describes the verbal system of the LIV as "adequate and capable of consensus", without wanting to agree to all of H. Rix's analyzes in detail.
  • Fortson calls the LIV very useful and up-to-date. However, he also mentions that some passages are controversial without specifying this in any more detail.

The verbal system in LIV

The grammatical outline of the LIV represents the hypothesis that in Urindo-European a distinction between two types of action, namely telic verbs (closed: for example * leh₂p- 'light up') and atelic verbs (unfinished, continuous: * bʰeh₂- 'shine, shine, seem) '), passed.

There was then a transition to an aspect system with the main categories aorist ( perfective ) and present tense ( imperfective ). The telic verbs were interpreted as an aorist, and the missing present tense was marked by an n -Infix (to * leh₂p- : * l̥h₂- né -p- ) and various suffixes ( * l̥h₂p- sḱé - ) that came from old action categories . The atelic verbs were interpreted as the present tense, and the aorist was designated by the newly formed suffix -s- .

This approach aims to explain the following phenomena:

  • Some verbs form root presentations (Latin dūcō 'I draw, lead' from * deu̯k- ) with a derived s- aorist (in the Latin perfect: dūxī 'I have drawn, led', pronounced dūk s ī , from * deu̯k-s- ).
  • Others, on the other hand, form a root laurist (lat. Vici , 'I have won' from * u̯ei̯k- ) with a derived present tense ( vi n co 'I win' from * u̯i-nk- ).
  • Derived present tense forms are formed differently (sometimes even with the same verb as in * l̥h₂- né -p- / * l̥h₂p- sḱé - ). The LIV explains this with the existence of different old categories of action types, all of which have merged into the newly formed present tense.

In addition to the present tense and the aorist, the LIV uses other categories, namely the perfect , the causative- iterative, the desiderative , the intensive ( repeated realization ), the fientive (the subject enters a new state) and the essive (state of the Subject).

Lemmas

The dictionary part contains for every lemma (every verbal root)

  • the presumed meaning
  • the reconstructed tribes with their reflexes in the daughter languages
  • extensive footnotes (references, references to dubious and alternative derivations, etc.)
  • Cross-references to the corresponding page in the Indo-European etymological dictionary.

attachment

In the appendix there is a declining root index, an index of the reconstructed stem formations and an index of the individual language word forms.

swell

  1. ↑ a b Elmar Seebold: 'LIV', Lexicon of Indo-European verbs. Roots and their primary stems . In: Indo-European Research No. 104, 1999, pp. 287-295.
  2. ↑ Rix et al .: LIV 2 , p. 34
  3. ↑ Rix et al .: LIV 2 , p. 35.
  4. ↑ M. Meier-Brügger: Indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft , 7 2000. S. F103.
  5. ^ Benjamin W. Fortson IV: Indo-European Language and Culture . Blackwell, Malden 1 2004. p. 99.

literature

  • Helmut Rix: Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs. The roots and their primary stem formations (LIV). Edited by M. Kümmel, Th. Zehnder, R. Lipp and B. Schirmer. Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden 1998, 2001. ISBN 3-89500-219-4 .
  • Julius Pokorny: Indo-European etymological dictionary. 2 vols. Francke, Bern / Munich 1947–66 (1st edition), 2005 (5th edition). ISBN 3772009476

similar lexicons

  • George E. Dunkel (Ed.): Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems (LIPP). University Press Winter, Heidelberg 2014.
  • Dagmar S. Wodtko, Britta Irslinger and Carolin Schneider (eds.): Nomina in the Indo-European Lexicon (NIL). University Press Winter, Heidelberg 2008.