Liburnian

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Approximate boundaries of Liburnian territory in the 5th century BC Chr.

The Liburnians were an Illyrian tribe. Their settlement area was on the eastern bank of the Adriatic Sea in Liburnia in the area of Iader (today's Zadar) and extended roughly from the Krka River in the south to the Kvarner Bay in the north. In the south their neighbors were the Delmaten , in the north the Venetians and Histrians , in the northeast the Iapods .

history

The Liburnians were known in antiquity as proficient seafarers and were also feared as pirates. They developed the light type of rowing ship, the Liburnian named after them , which was later also used by the Roman fleet .

With the emergence of Greek colonies on the Dalmatian islands, the Liburnians began to develop in the 5th century BC. The cultural influence of the Greeks noticeable.

In the 2nd century BC The Liburnians came under Roman influence. During Caesar's governorship of Gaul and Illyria, they lost their autonomy and were more firmly integrated into the empire. During the civil war, Caesar was able to fall back on a contingent of Liburnian ships from Iader . The Liburnians took part in the Illyrian uprising (9 BC), which was put down by Augustus ; then the Liburnian area was incorporated into the province of Dalmatia .

Only a few toponyms of the Liburnian language have survived, by means of which some linguists believe that Liburnian is related to the Venetian language .

Roman auxiliary unit

Under Augustus an auxiliary unit , the Cohors I Liburnorum, was set up from this tribe.

literature

  • Ilgo, Miloš: Rimsko vladanje u Histriji i Liburniji, vol. 1: Liburnija. Pula 1999. ISBN 953-6153-13-0
  • Lorenzo Braccesi & Sante Graciotti (eds.): La Dalmazia e l'altra sponda. Problemi di archeologia adriatica. (= Civilta Veneziana. Studi, Vol. 50). Florence 1999. ISBN 88-222-4821-X
  • Zaninović, Marin: Histri i Liburni prema rimskoj ekspanziji. In: Diadora. 12: 47-64 (1990).
  • Margetić, Lujo: O nekim pitanjima pravnog polozaja liburnskih opcina u doba principata. In: Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru. 38 (1996), pp. 1-12.
  • Batović, Sime: The Iron Age on the territory of the Illyrian tribe of the Liburnians. In: Archaeologia Jugoslavica. 6, pp. 55-68 (1965).