Linguistic language advice

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Under Language Consultancy is in linguistics each (be) judgmental statement about language understood generally that is done on request. In contrast to language maintenance, which is traditionally carried out by laypeople - as an exception, "language maintenance on a scientific basis", as practiced, for example, by the Society for German Language - usually requires linguistic expertise.

terminology

In terms of ›every (evaluative) utterance about language that is made on request‹, language advice differs firstly from language information , which is also provided upon request but without evaluation, and secondly from language criticism , which evaluates but of its own accord is uttered (without inquiry), and thirdly by language teaching , that is, every utterance about language that is made without judgment and of its own accord. The boundaries between the four possible expressions are seen as fluid. This distinction is not undisputed; In some cases, language criticism is understood in a broad sense to mean any utterance that is reflective of speech - the term then appears to be synonymous or almost synonymous with expressions such as language philosophy or language theory - and sometimes in a somewhat narrower sense any judgmental expression about language, so that language criticism also includes language advice. For example, the research project European language criticism defines “language criticism as practice of evaluating language reflection” online . In (linguistically sound) language maintenance , language advice can also be used in a broader sense for any kind of utterance about language that is made on request, for example at the language advice service of the Society for German Language: “One of our main focuses is language advice. We provide information to private individuals as well as companies, the media, authorities and institutions on all questions relating to the German language and linguistic doubts ”. In some cases, the boundaries between language counseling and language support are fluid.

Objects

Language counseling often has specific linguistic expressions (acts of parole ) as its subject: spelling, grammatical constructions, text passages or complete texts. However, recommendations on a specific individual language ( langue ), for example on learning a certain foreign language, or on language varieties can also be considered language advice.

Evaluation criteria

Each evaluation of language, language advice (on request) as well as language criticism (of its own accord) can follow different criteria:

  • the quantity criterion (the language phenomenon discussed is assessed as deviating from general language usage),
  • the intention criterion (the language phenomenon addressed is judged to be contrary to the speaker's or author's intention or not sufficiently fulfilling them),
  • the expectation criterion (the language phenomenon discussed is judged to be contrary to the expectations of the addressee or not sufficiently fulfilling them),
  • the thematic criterion (the thematized language phenomenon is assessed as inadequate in relation to the linguistically presented matter)
  • the criterion of analogy (the language phenomenon in question is judged to violate the rules of the language system).

Language advice is usually given with a view to a linguistic norm , but not necessarily in the service of this norm (since it can also represent or criticize it in a relativising way). Often linguistic language counseling differs from language counseling by laypeople through a norm-critical approach. More recent linguistic approaches, however, no longer unreservedly represent the view that academic discussion of language and norm-affirming language advice are necessarily mutually exclusive.

Literature (selection)

  • Jochen A. Bär : As a linguist, are you allowed to cultivate the language? Notes on the theory and practice of working with language, on language, for language. In: Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 30 (2002), pp. 222-251.
  • Bernd Ulrich Biere, Rudolf Hoberg (Ed.): Evaluation criteria in language counseling. Gunter Narr, Tübingen 1995, ISBN 3-8233-5132-X .
  • Uwe Förster: Language maintenance on a scientific basis. Contributions from three decades. Edited by the Society for German Language . Duden, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-411-71091-8 .
  • Gerhard Müller: Standards and standard needs from the point of view of language advice. In: Der Deutschunterricht 50 (1998), Heft 3, pp. 61–66.

Web links

Linguistic advice is offered by some universities as well as by some organizations dealing with language ( language associations , publishers), sometimes for a fee. Some institutions:

Free language advice

Paid offers

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Uwe Förster: Language maintenance on a scientific basis. Contributions from three decades. Edited by the Society for German Language. Duden, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-411-71091-8 .
  2. ↑ Jochen A. Bär: As a linguist, is it allowed to want to cultivate the language? Notes on the theory and practice of working with language, on language, for language. In: Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 30 (2002), pp. 222-251; here: pp. 234–241.
  3. ↑ http://www.ezs-online.de/programmgebiete-des-ezs/textwelten/136-ezs-arbeitsgruppe-zu-europaeischer-sprachkritik ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 10, 2015). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ezs-online.de
  4. ↑ http://gfds.de/sprachberatung (accessed on May 10, 2015).
  5. ↑ http://www.kreis-offenbach.de/index.phtml?NavID=1856.385 ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 10, 2015). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kreis-offenbach.de
  6. ↑ Cf. Jochen A. Bär: "Originality" as Movens and the subject of language criticism. In: Claudia Brinker-von der Heyde, Nina Kalwa, Nina-Maria Klug, Paul Reszke (eds.): Originality. On the relationship between language, speakers and the world. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Munich / Boston 2015, pp. 241–258.
  7. ↑ See the “Aachen Declaration on the Role of Linguistics in Society” , item 6 (accessed on May 10, 2015).