Lipogranuloma
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| M60.2 | Foreign body granuloma in soft tissue, not elsewhere classified |
| L92.3 | Foreign body granuloma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
A lipogranuloma , also known as oleoma , lipid granuloma , elaioma , oleoscleroma or oil tumor , is a foreign body granuloma that forms in the form of a benign tumor after the injection or implantation of poorly absorbable hydrophobic oils or waxes . The cause of the development of a lipogranuloma is a local immunological reaction to the foreign body .
Special forms of lipogranuloma are paraffinoma , a foreign body reaction to injected paraffin , and vaselinoma , a foreign body reaction to injected petroleum jelly , but they have the same pathology. Regardless of the terms are often used in the Anglo-American literature paraffinoma or lipogranuloma used for sclerosing lipogranuloma.
description
The injection of foreign bodies into an organism can trigger a foreign body reaction, which manifests itself in the form of a foreign body granuloma. In the case of an oleoma, the foreign body reaction is triggered by a poorly absorbable, non- biocompatible oil or wax that was applied under the skin of the organism. An oleoma often only develops years after application and usually shows a progressive course of the disease. First, lumps are formed in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Oleomas can be triggered, for example, by paraffins, Vaseline, silicone oils or gels, bioplastics , Artecoll and similar substances.
The reasons for injecting these foreign substances are mostly cosmetic in nature, such as removing wrinkles , enlarging the breast and penis.
histology
The foreign body granulomas are characterized by a “Swiss cheese pattern”. This pattern is formed by closely spaced islands - which contain the hydrophobic substance - and histiocytes and giant cells surrounding the islands .
pathology
- → see main article Foreign body reaction
Examples of lipogranulomas
The paraffinoma of the penis was a relatively common - now very rare - disease at the beginning of the 20th century, which is caused by the injection of paraffin into the penis. The purpose of the injection was to enlarge the penis (penile augmentation).
The injection of paraffin into the female breast (breast paraffinoma ) has similar negative effects . This was practiced for breast augmentation in Hong Kong, for example, until the early 1960s . In a study published in 1996 on 43 patients, considerable complications occurred on average 17 years after the injection (time interval 3 to 41 years). In 27 of the women affected, both breasts had to be completely removed ( mastectomy ).
Gladys Marie Deacon (Duchess of Marlborough) was called "the most beautiful woman on earth" in her youth. In 1935 she was given wax and paraffin injections into her forehead. The substances applied there migrated to her face, where foreign body granulomas formed. Because of the disfigurement of her face, she withdrew and died in 1977 completely forgotten by society.
Individual evidence
- ^ CM Rudolph et al: Bioplastiquegranulom. In: Der Hautarzt 48, 1997, pp. 749-752. doi : 10.1007 / s001050050655
- ↑ a b H. Kerl: Histopathology of the skin. Verlag Springer, 2003, p. 228. ISBN 3-540-41901-2 limited preview in the Google book search
- ↑ DH Gu, DY Yoon, SK Chang, KJ Lim, JH Cha, YL Seo, EJ Yun, CS Choi, SH Bae: CT features of foreign body granulomas after cosmetic paraffin injection into the cervicofacial area. In: Diagn Interv Radiol 16, 2010, pp. 125-128 PMID 20140854 .
- ↑ TT Alagaratnam and WF Ng: Paraffinomas of the breast: an oriental curiosity. In: Aust NZJ Surg 66, 1996, pp. 138-140. PMID 8639128
- ^ J. Glicenstein: Les premiers "fillers", vaseline et paraffine. You miracle à la catastrophe. In: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique 52, 2007, pp. 157–161. PMID 16860452
