Penis enlargement
Penis enlargement refers to different methods, the aim of which is to enlarge the human penis .
The techniques used range from manual exercises and the use of various devices to plastic surgery. Apart from such surgical procedures, its effectiveness has not been proven. Special surgical procedures ( phalloplasty ) are used in some cases to treat a real micropenis .
Methods that enlarge the penis permanently - even when it is flaccid - are to be distinguished from those that are intended to bring about a particularly firm or particularly long erection . In the latter case, methods that are similar or the same as those used medically to treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) are used. These methods are described in the article sexual enhancers .
There is no clear connection between the size of the penis when flaccid and when it is erect. Since the penis length in men, similar to the breast size in women , can be perceived as an “identity-creating” secondary gender characteristic , there is a demand for commercialized offers. Means for alleged "penis enlargement" are advertised in spam e -mails.
Operative methods
The study situation in genital surgery is poor. Patients for a study in this area are hard to find.
The desire to have a penis enlargement often arises from a dysmorphophobia (fear of or great dissatisfaction with their own body) on the part of the person concerned. However, a successful procedure can lead to increased well-being in carefully selected patients. Conversely, many patients were not satisfied with the result after the operation, despite the objectively measurable success. In the study mentioned, cases were also identified in which a reduction in size was even found. There is also the general risk of an operation.
Surgical intervention to enlarge the penis should be critically examined. The authors of the study recommend psychological counseling beforehand.
Penis augmentation
Surgical penis enlargement, technically correct called penis augmentation , has existed for about 50 years. Penis thickening with autologous fat is referred to as the " gold standard " in a specialist book .
Procedure
Modern procedures for penis augmentation change the previous technology towards microsurgical , outpatient interventions. Similar to many surgical interventions, penis augmentation can now also be carried out under local anesthesia. To lengthen the penis, its anterior tether ( ligamentum suspensorium penis ) is cut and a new attachment is created using the body's own material. A so-called "swivel flap" is created. The penis root with its nerve and vascular entrances remains completely untouched. Basically, one uses a geometric trick by straightening the anterior inner course of the penis and thus "pushing out" a portion of the inner part. One consequence is a slight flattening of the erection angle by about 15 degrees.
In very overweight patients it can happen that the penis is completely or partially "buried" by fatty tissue in the area of the pubic mound. This phenomenon is known as “buried penis” and should not be misdiagnosed as micropenis . By reducing the pubic mound, the fat deposit that surrounds the penis can be suctioned off (liposuction) or surgically removed so that the penis regains its visual length.
Today, the thickening takes place in the vast majority of cases by an autologous fat tissue transplant , i.e. a transplant of fat tissue that was previously removed from the thigh with a thin cannula. When it comes to thickening, it should be noted that there have been several technical approaches to performing a thickening with fat. Ultimately, only the method in which the fat is filtered has proven itself. At the beginning you had concerns that this would destroy the sensitive fat cells, today you know that this is not the case and, on the contrary, filtering is the prerequisite for a permanent procedure. Filtering removes the fragments of other cells which, with their surface antigens, prompted the body to break them down quickly (whereby the fatty tissue was also lost). After the operation, a pressure bandage with graduated pressure must be worn for a week. This is just as necessary for the success as the correct implementation.
Alternatively, a biopolymer matrix (scaffold) can be incorporated to thicken it; this procedure is relatively new, the success remains to be seen. Foreign materials such as silicone or paraffin were never used for penis augmentation, except in the beginning in Russia. You haven't proven yourself. The use of the body's own tissue produces significantly better results.
The penis augmentation is usually performed on an outpatient basis.
Until the 1950s, penis augmentation was also carried out by injecting paraffin . However, this procedure results in serious complications and in most cases leads to paraffinomas of the penis . In some Eastern European countries and in Korea the method is still practiced today, mainly by non-medical professionals.
Results
In general, it can be said that the results of surgical penis augmentation have improved significantly over the past 15 years thanks to microsurgical procedures. In general, the operation causes a greater increase in the flaccid state (percentage), depending on the anatomical conditions up to doubling the length. The increase in the erect state is between two and four centimeters, depending on the starting position.
costs
As with almost every cosmetic operation, the patient has to bear the costs of the operation himself; he will only receive a commitment from private or statutory health insurances to cover the costs in exceptional cases. A penis enlargement including penis thickening costs around 7500 euros (as of 2008) upwards. The enlargement of the penis head is given at around 3900 euros (as of 2008).
Mechanical methods
Mechanical aids are penis stretchers , which are supposed to lead to a permanent elongation of the penis, and vacuum penis pumps , which are supposed to lead to permanent enlargement in addition to promoting erection through tissue expansion. Manual methods ( stretching to lengthen the limb or jelq massage to thicken the limb) are also recommended. The use of mechanical methods is risky. There is no reliable evidence that the desired effects can be achieved.
Another method is to attach weights to the non-erect penis. The success of this method has been proven ethnologically. Sources report that the holy sadhus in India or the Karamojong in northern Uganda achieved lengths of up to 45 centimeters through years of attaching weights to extend the penis, which they began shortly before puberty.
So-called penis stretchers are also based on the effect of weights (pull) on body parts. They were originally developed to correct the scar contraction after penis enlargement operations and are used worldwide. Scar tissue is a simply structured repair tissue, which apparently reacts very well to permanent force.
For several years, such stretchers have been offered for penis enlargement without surgery.
Evolutionary background
According to the book The Third Chimpanzee : Evolution and Future of Humans by Jared Diamond , in contrast to the female breast, there is no intensive preoccupation and comprehensive theory for the interpretation of the comparatively large penis length in humans. Helen Fisher sees the advantage of a longer penis especially when women mate with other men more often, and suggested that male anthropologists were less likely to want to deal with it.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Penis from the forearm.
- ^ H. Wessells, TF Lue, JW McAninch: Penile length in the flaccid and erect states: guidelines for penile augmentation . In: The Journal of Urology . 156, No. 3, 1996, pp. 995-997. doi : 10.1016 / S0022-5347 (01) 65682-9 . PMID 8709382 .
- ↑ Spyropoulos et al .: Augmentation phalloplasty surgery for penile dysmorphophobia in young adults: considerations regarding patient selection, outcome evaluation and techniques applied. In: Eur Urol . Volume 48, 2005, pp. 121-127. PMID 15967261
- ↑ a b Li et al .: Penile suspensory ligament division for penile augmentation: indications and results. In: Eur Urol. 2006; 49 (4): 729-33. PMID 16473458
- ↑ z. B. Krupp / Rennekampff "Plastic Surgery", clinic and practice, published by EcoMed-Verlag
- ↑ M. Gfesser and WI Worret: "Paraffinom des Penis" In: Der Hautarzt 1996, pp. 705–707. doi : 10.1007 / s001050050493 PMID 8999027
- ↑ The Late Revenge of Vaseline. ( Memento of April 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 66 kB; archive) In: Medical Tribune 36, 2001, p. 40.
- ↑ P. Santos et al.: Penile paraffinoma. In: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 17, 2003, pp. 583-584. PMID 12941102
- ↑ E. Accus et al: Paraffinoma and ulcer of the external genitalia after self-injection of vaseline. In: J Sex Med 3, 2006, pp. 170-172. PMID 16409233
- ↑ SV Perovic, MLJ Djordjevic: Penile lengthening Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: BJU International . 86, No. 7, 2001, pp. 731-738. doi : 10.1046 / j.1464-4096.2001.01350.x . Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ↑ Plastic surgery penis enlargement . metawissen.at. Archived from the original on October 21, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
- ↑ Enzyclopedia Britannica or Stern No. 49/95
- ↑ Quoted in the gender debate: A criticism. Johanna Hopfner, Hans-Walter Leonhard, Julius Klinkhardt, 1996 - page 65
