Microsurgery

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The microsurgery (from the Greek μικρός , small ') is a surgical operation technique using a microscope or other high magnification visual aid. Light microscopes are used as surgical microscopes . Special instruments allow cuts and sutures in hard-to-reach areas with small dimensions.

It is used for interventions on small blood vessels , on the central nervous system and on peripheral nerves , in all of ear, nose and throat and eye surgery. In gynecology, too, magnifying aids with 15 to 30 times magnification and magnifying glasses as well as very fine sutures are used for certain procedures, e.g. B. Operations on the fallopian tubes and ovaries , a prerequisite for successful therapy.

The hand surgery is a specialty in plastic , of Traumatology and Orthopedics . The microsurgery is z. B. used in the replantation of limbs such as hand transplantation after accidents. In contrast to minimally invasive surgery, in which work is carried out beneath the body's own covering layers (skin, etc.), in microsurgery the access to the operating area is initially exposed in the classic way.

history

Surgical microscopes were first used in 1922 by the Swedish doctor Gunnar Holmgren for an operation on the ear and in 1949 by José Ignacio Barraquer Moner for a keratoplasty . Since 1950, since it was used by the ear, nose and throat specialist Horst Ludwig Wullstein , the surgical microscope and special miniaturized instruments have been used regularly for surgical interventions on the middle ear (e.g. for interventions on the stapes ).

In 1962, after previous animal experiments, Malt and McKhann described for the first time a microsurgical arm operation on a ten-year-old boy. In 1963 Goldwyn, Laub and White describe the successful vascular connections of an amputated thumb.

literature

  • Adolf Miehlke , Ulrich Tröhler: Illustrated history of microsurgery. Historical development of the operational disciplines. Voltmedia, Paderborn 2007. 176 pages. ISBN 3-86763-200-6 .
  • Alfred Berger, Robert Hierner: Plastic Surgery. Basics, principles, techniques. Vol. 1. Verlag Springer, Berlin 2003. 413 pages. ISBN 3-540-42591-8 .
  • Adolf Miehlke: history of microsurgery. The historical development in the various operational disciplines. Vienna / Baltimore 1996.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christoph Weißer: Microsurgery. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 988 f.