List of forest associations in Germany
The list of forest communities in Germany was taken from the Red List of Endangered Plant Societies in Germany (Rennwald 2000) , which contains all plant communities occurring in Germany . Only the plant formation XI = forest communities was taken into account. This formation has five classes :
- Alder swamp forests - Alnetea glutinosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Westhoff et al. 1946
- Snow heather - pine forests - Erico-Pinetea Horvat 1959
- Heather - pine and spruce - coniferous forests - Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939
- Marsh blueberries - Downy Birch - bog forests - Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea sylvestris Passarge et Hofmann 1968
- Eurosiberian oaks - beeches - deciduous forests - Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937
The list has been divided into these classes.
For each plant society a picture, its order , its association , its synsystematic rank, its German name, its scientific name and its degree of endangerment (column: G) is given in one column each.
Rank:
- FOR = formation
- KLA = class
- ORD = order
- VRB = association
- ASS = association
Degree of risk:
- 0 = extinct or lost
- 1 = Critically Endangered
- 2 = Endangered
- 3 = endangered
- G = risk to be assumed
- R = extremely rare
- V = Decreasing, type of warning list
- * = currently not endangered
- D = Insufficient data on distribution and exposure
The plant communities in this list should only be linked to articles about the entire respective plant society, not to individual representatives of the plant society.
Alder break forests
| image | order | Association | rank | German name | scientific name | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alder break forests | ORD | Alder break forests | Alnetalia glutinosae Tx. 1937 | |||
| Alder break forests | ASS | Raspberry-black alder break forest | Rubus idaeus-Alnus glutinosa Society | * | ||
|
Alder break forests | Alder break forests | VRB | Alder break forests | Alnion glutinosae Malcuit 1929 | |
| Alder break forests | Alder break forests | ASS | Alder quarry forest basal society | Alnion glutinosae basal society | D. | |
| Alder break forests | Alder break forests | ASS | Walzenseggen-Alder-Bruchwald | Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae Schwickerath 1933 | 2 | |
| Alder break forests | Alder break forests | ASS | Peat moss and alder break forest | Sphagno palustris-Alnetum Allorge ex Lemée 1939 | 2 |
Snow-heather-pine-forests
| image | order | Association | rank | German name | scientific name | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | ORD | Snow-heather-pine-forests | Erico-Pinetalia Horvat 1959 | |||
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Snow-heather-pine-forests | VRB | Snow-heather-pine-forests | Erico-Pinion sylvestris Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 nom. inverse. propos. | ||
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Snow-heather-pine-forests | ASS | Cinderella pine forest | Calamagrostio variae-Pinetum sylvestris Oberd. (1950) 1957 | V | |
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Snow-heather-pine-forests | ASS | Mesophilic marl slide slope mountain pine forest | Cephalanthera longifolia-Pinus mugo society | R. | |
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Snow-heather-pine-forests | ASS | Pipegrass Pine Forest | Molinia arundinacea-Pinus sylvestris Society | * | |
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Snow-heather-pine-forests | ASS | Berglein leaf pine forest | Thesium bavarum-Pinus sylvestris-Gesellschaft | 3 | |
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Snow-heather-pine-forests | ASS | Ox-eye pine forest | Buphthalmum salicifolium-Pinus sylvestris-Gesellschaft | 2 | |
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Snow-heather-pine-forests | ASS | Wiesenknopf forest pine steep slope forest | Sanguisorba minor-Pinus sylvestris-Gesellschaft | R. | |
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Schneeheide-Latschen-Gebüche | VRB | Schneeheide-Latschen-Gebüche | Erico-Pinion mugo Leibundgut 1948 nom. inverse. propos. | ||
| Snow-heather-pine-forests | Schneeheide-Latschen-Gebüche | ASS | Eyelash rose and mountain pine bushes | Rhododendro hirsuti-Pinetum mugo Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 nom. inverse. propos. | * |
Heather-pine and spruce-conifer forests
| image | order | Association | rank | German name | scientific name | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pine-spruce forests | ORD | Pine-spruce forests | Piceetalia Pawlowski in Pawlowski et al. 1928 | |||
| Pine-spruce forests | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | VRB | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | Dicrano-Pinion (Libbert 1932) Matuszkiewicz 1962 | ||
| Pine-spruce forests | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | ASS | Hairline pine dry forest | Peucedano-Pinetum Matuszkiewicz 1962 | 2 | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | ASS | Crowberry-pine dry forest | Empetro nigri-Pinetum Libbert 1940 nom. inverse. propos. | 2 | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | ASS | Hawkweed pine forest | Hieracio schmidtii-Pinetum Stöcker 1965 | R. | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | ASS | White moss-pine forest | Leucobryo-Pinetum Matuszkiewicz 1962 | 3 | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | ASS | Lichen Pine Forest | Cladonio-Pinetum Juraszek 1927 | 1 | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | ASS | Willow pine forest | Deschampsia flexuosa-Pinus sylvestris society | * | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Fork-toothed moss pine forests | ASS | Carpathian birch and mountain ash block forest | Betula pubescens-Sorbus aucuparia society | R. | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | VRB | Central European spruce forests | Piceion abietis Pawlowski in Pawlowski et al. 1928 | ||
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Grove-spruce-fir forest | Luzulo nemorosae-Abietum Oberd. 1957 nom. conserv. propos. | 3 | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Carpathian birch and spruce block forest | Betula carpatica-Picea abies society | R. | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Lingonberry-spruce-fir forest | Vaccinio Abietenum Oberd. 1957 | 3 | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Whipmoss spruce forest | Bazzanio-Piceetum Br.-Bl. et Sissingh in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 | * | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Cotton grass spruce forest | Calamagrostio villosae-Piceetum (Tx. 1937) Hartmann et Schlüter 1966 nom. conserv. propos. | 3 | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Alpine lettuce spruce forest | Homogyno-Piceetum Zukrigl 1973 nom. conserv. propos. | * | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Alpendost spruce forest | Adenostylo glabrae-Piceetum M. Wraber ex Zukrigl 1973 | * | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Striped fern spruce forest | Asplenio-Piceetum Kuoch 1954 | * | |
| Pine-spruce forests | Central European spruce forests | ASS | Larch and Swiss stone pine forest | Vaccinio-Pinetum cembrae (Pallmann et Haffter 1933) Oberd. 1962 | R. |
Swamp blueberry-moor-birch-bog forests
| image | order | Association | rank | German name | scientific name | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASS | Pipe grass marsh birch forest | Molinia caerulea-Betula pubescens society | * | |||
| Swamp blueberry-moor-birch-bog forests | ORD | Swamp blueberry-moor-birch-bog forests | Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetalia sylvestris Passarge et Hofmann 1968 | |||
| Swamp blueberry-moor-birch-bog forests | Downy birch forests | VRB | Downy birch forests | Betulion pubescentis Lohmeyer et Tx. ex Scamoni et Passarge 1959 | ||
| Swamp blueberry-moor-birch-bog forests | Downy birch forests | ASS | Swamp blueberries and moor birches moor forest | Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Libbert 1933 | 3 | |
| Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | ORD | Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | Carici lasiocarpae-Pinetalia sylvestris Wagner nom. prov. | |||
| Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | VRB | Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | Carici lasiocarpae-Pinion sylvestris Wagner nom. prov. | ||
| Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | ASS | Fadenseggen bog pine forest | Carex lasiocarpa-Pinus rotundata-Society | 2 | |
| Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | ASS | Buckthorn-Carpathian birch forest | Rhamnus cathartica-Betula carpatica society | 2 | |
| Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | Fadenseggen-Scots pine-bog forests | ASS | Braunseggen moor birch forest | Carex fusca-Betula pubescens society | 1 |
Eurosiberian oak-beech-fall hardwood forests
| image | order | Association | rank | German name | scientific name | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acid oak and beech mixed forests | ORD | Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Quercetalia roboris Tx. 1931 | |||
| Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Temperate acidic oak mixed forests | VRB | Temperate acidic oak mixed forests | Quercion roboris Malcuit 1929 | ||
|
Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Temperate acidic oak mixed forests | ASS | (Atlantic and) sub-Atlantic silver birch and pedunculate oak forest | Betulo pendulae-Quercetum roboris Tx. 1930 nom. inverse. propos. | 2 |
| Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Temperate acidic oak mixed forests | ASS | Atlantic-subatlantic low-species common oak common oak
Forest |
Deschampsio flexuosae-Quercetum roboris Passarge 1966 | 2 | |
| Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Temperate acidic oak mixed forests | ASS | South-subatlantic and south-central European grove
Sessile oak forest |
Luzulo-Quercetum petraeae Hilitzer 1932 nom. inverse. propos. | 3 | |
| Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Temperate acidic oak mixed forests | ASS | Central European forest equestrian grape (and pedunculate) oak forest | Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae (Hartmann 1934) Scamoni et Passarge 1959 | 2 | |
|
Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Acid grove beech forests | VRB | Acid grove beech forests | Luzulo-Fagion Lohmeyer et Tx. in Tx. 1954 | |
| Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Acid grove beech forests | ASS | Acid grove beech forest | Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937 | 3 | |
| Acid oak and beech mixed forests | Acid grove beech forests | ASS | Riding grass-spruce-beech forest | Calamagrostio villosae-Fagetum Mikyska 1972 | 3 | |
| Downy oak mixed forests | ORD | Downy oak mixed forests | Quercetalia pubescentis Klika 1933 | |||
| Downy oak mixed forests | Downy oak mixed forests | VRB | Downy oak mixed forests | Quercion pubescenti-petraeae Br.-Bl. 1932 nom. mutat. propos. | ||
| Downy oak mixed forests | Downy oak mixed forests | ASS | Downy oak mixed forest | Quercetum pubescenti-petraeae Imchenetzky 1926 nom. inverse. propos. | 3 | |
| Downy oak mixed forests | Downy oak mixed forests | ASS | Rock maple-sessile oak mixed forest | Aceri monspessulani-Quercetum petraeae Oberd. 1957 | 3 | |
| Downy oak mixed forests | Downy oak mixed forests | ASS | Whitefinger sessile oak forest | Potentillo albae-Quercetum petraeae Libbert 1933 | 2 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | ORD | Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawlowski in Pawlowski et al. 1928 | |||
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Alder-elm-hardwood floodplain forests | VRB | Alder-elm-hardwood floodplain forests | Alno-Ulmion minoris Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Tchou 1948/1949 nom. conserv. propos. | ||
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Alder-elm-hardwood floodplain forests | ASS | Gray alder floodplain forest | Alnetum incanae Lüdi 1921 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Alder-elm-hardwood floodplain forests | ASS | Hainmieren black alder forest | Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae Lohmeyer 1957 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Alder-elm-hardwood floodplain forests | ASS | Bird cherry and ash floodplain forest | Pruno-Fraxinetum Oberd. 1953 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Alder-elm-hardwood floodplain forests | ASS | Winkelseggen-Alder-Ash forest | Carici remotae-Fraxinetum W. Koch 1926 ex Faber 1937 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Alder-elm-hardwood floodplain forests | ASS | Oak-elm floodplain forest | Querco-Ulmetum Issler 1924 | 1 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Oak and hornbeam forests | VRB | Oak and hornbeam forests | Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 | ||
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Oak and hornbeam forests | ASS | Star chickweed oak hornbeam forest | Stellario-Carpinetum Oberd. 1957 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Oak and hornbeam forests | ASS | Forest rennet-oak-hornbeam-forest | Galio-Carpinetum Oberd. 1957 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Linden-maple hillside and ravine forests | VRB | Linden-maple hillside and ravine forests | Tilio platyphylli-Acerion pseudoplatani Klika 1955 | ||
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Linden-maple hillside and ravine forests | ASS | Norway maple-summer linden forest | Aceri-Tilietum platyphylli Faber 1936 nom. conserv. propos. | V | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Linden-maple hillside and ravine forests | ASS | Summer linden-sycamore-elm-sycamore forest | Fraxino-Aceretum W. Koch ex Tx. 1937 | * | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | Linden-maple hillside and ravine forests | ASS | Musk herb-sycamore-ash forest | Adoxo-Aceretum Passarge 1960 nom. conserv. propos. | * | |
|
|
Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | VRB | European beech forests | Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | ASS | Woodruff beech forest | Galio odorati-Fagetum Sougnez et Thill 1959 nom. conserv. propos. | * | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | ASS | Forest barley-beech forest | Hordelymo-Fagetum Kuhn 1937 | * | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | ASS | Hainlattich-fir-beech mixed forest | Aposerido-Fagetum Oberd. 1950 ex Oberd. 1957 | * | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | ASS | Round-leaf razorback fir forest | Galio rotundifolii-Abietum Wraber (1955) 1959 nom. conserv. propos. | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | ASS | Alpendost fir forest | Adenostylo glabrae-Abietum H. Mayer et A. Hofmann 1969 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | ASS | Wintergreen fir forest | Pyrolo Abietum Oberd. 1957 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | ASS | Sedge-beech forest | Carici-Fagetum Moor 1952 | 3 | |
| Mesophytic beech and deciduous mixed forests | European beech forests | ASS | High-altitude blue-grass beech forest | Seslerio-Fagetum Moor 1952 | * |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Red List of Plant Associations pdf Accessed on September 17, 2018
- ↑ Red List of Plant Associations bfn.Retrieved September 17, 2018
- ↑ Risk criteria Accessed on September 17, 2018