List of fememicide victims in Germany during the early interwar period

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The following list of femicide victims in Germany during the early interwar period gives an overview of people who fell victim to fememorden in Germany in the first years after the end of the First World War .

The people on the list are arranged chronologically according to the date of their murder, starting with the earliest victims. From 1920 to 1923 at least 23 people were killed as part of Fememorden in Upper Silesia , East Prussia , Brandenburg , Pomerania , Mecklenburg and Bavaria . The pacifist and former officer Carl Mertens anonymously published 28 female murders within the Black Reichswehr in 1925 . Emil Julius Gumbel counted 354 politically motivated murders from the right-wing spectrum between 1919 and 1922, of which 326 went unpunished; During the same period, there were also 22 murders from the left, which the judiciary persecuted much more severely.

As time frame points for inclusion in the interest here Group November 9, 1918 to the outbreak of the deemed day November Revolution and the collapse of the German Empire on the one hand and the stabilization phase of the Weimar Republic in the mid-1920s on the other.

List of victims

  • July 1920: Willi Schmidt, member of the Freikorps Roßbach ; Shot by Edmund Heines and other members of the Rossbach group in a forest in the Greifenhagen district in Pomerania and buried on site after he was suspected of trying to reveal a weapon hiding place to the authorities.
  • October 6, 1920 (body found): Maria Sandmayer (1901), maid, found strangled in Forstenrieder Park; murdered after attempting to report an arsenal to the Bavarian Rescue Service.
  • March 4, 1921 (body found): Hans Hartung (* 1897), waiter, shot and weighted down with stones, recovered from the gathering near Zusmarshausen; murdered after he wanted to be paid for his silence about the activities of the Bavarian Rescue Service.
  • June 5, 1921: Josef Nowak, St. Annaberg, got out of bed on June 4, 1921 by the gendarmerie sergeant Schweighart from St. Annaberg with eight members of the Upper Silesian Self-Protection on suspicion of espionage in favor of the Polish side in the Upper Silesian uprising, driven through his village, He was beaten with side guns and rifle butts, then he was driven to the basalt quarry near St. Annaberg together with Ignatz Kwittek, Ignatz Kwiotek and Anton Wojciedowski, who were also accused of treason, and were beaten to death there. The bodies were buried there under stone rubble and found by their relatives a few days later. His body was shot four in the stomach, two in the chest, and seventy-three bayonet and knife wounds. Nowak had merely stated that he saw the fighting between Germans and Poles in Upper Silesia as a senseless fratricidal war.
  • June 5, 1921: Ignatz Kwittek : Man from St. Annaberg in Oberschlesien, taken from his apartment on the evening of June 4, 1921 by members of the Upper Silesian Self-Protection for alleged treason, mistreated and combined with Ignatz Kwiotek, Josef Nowak and Anton Wojciedowski Driven basalt quarry near St. Annaberg and beaten to death there. His body was buried there with the bodies of the remaining three dead.
  • June 5, 1921: Ignatz Kwiotek : Man from St. Annaberg in Upper Silesia, taken from his apartment on the evening of June 4, 1921 by members of the Upper Silesian Self-Protection for alleged treason, mistreated and combined with Ignatz Kwittek, Josef Nowak and Anton Wojciedowski Driven basalt quarry near St. Annaberg and beaten to death there. His body was buried there with the bodies of the remaining three dead.
  • June 5, 1921: Anton Wojciedowski : Man from Wyssoka in Upper Silesia, on the evening of June 4, 1921, by members of the Upper Silesian Self-Protection for alleged treason from his apartment, mistreated and together with Ignatz Kwiotek, Ignatz Kwittek and Josef Nowak in a basalt quarry Driven to St. Annaberg and beaten to death there. His body was buried there with the bodies of the remaining three dead.
  • July / August 1921: Fritz Köhler, member of the Ehrhardt self-protection organization in Upper Silesia, as a member of a work group formed from members of this self-protection organization, housed field guard on the estate of the manor owner Ulrich Freiherr von Richthofen in Klein-Wandriß in the Liegnitz district, where he oversees the forester's house Kohlhöher forest led. For unknown reasons, Koehler was suspected of being a traitor. When Köhler and three other members of the self-protection organization - Karl Ernst Scweninger, Martin Lampel and Veit Ulrich von Beulwitz - went to a secret weapons depot, Koehler was hit on the head with a pickaxe when he was listening to the ground to see whether groundwater was gushing in the weapons depot . Then he was shot by Lampel, according to other statements by Beulwitz. The four men were later charged with collective intentional homicide. The proceedings were discontinued by order of November 28, 1930 in accordance with the Law on Impunity of July 14, 1928, as amended on October 24, 1930.
  • June 7, 1922: Kurt Herrmann (1896/1897) cigar merchant, member of the security company "Schlesien", which took over the guarding of the property of landowners. The security company was founded by the former member of the Roßbach consortium, Andreas Mayer, after he fell out with Roßbach. Hermann acted as a financier in the security company and made the rooms for the company's office available in his apartment. For reasons that were not entirely clear, Herrmann was attacked in bed at night by members of the security company, anesthetized with chloroform and suffocated by pressing a pillow in his face in order to simulate a robbery. As a result, Mayer and the Wachgesellschaft members Otto Gebauer, Hans Spöhrer and Robert Tippel were arrested. The exact motives for the crime could not be clarified, partly it was said that Herrmann, who was involved in arms deals, had embezzled money from the security company, partly that Herrmann was connected to Poland, partly that one or more of the Men had an affair with his wife. The four men were sentenced on October 13, 1924 by the Breslau jury court to five to seven years' imprisonment not for murder but for bodily harm resulting in death.
  • June 1922: Four self-defense men were shot in the head near Sibyllenort in the Oels district.
  • 1921: Alfons Hentschel: Lieutenant, platoon leader in the company of Captain von Mauritz, behind whom Freikorpsführer Franz Pfeffer von Salomon was actually hiding. As an uncomfortable confidante, Hentschel was shot from behind on the orders of Mauritz (i.e. Pfeffer) by a Lieutenant Link while on patrol in a cornfield.
  • 1921: Sigulla, a man from the Opole district. Sigulla rode a bicycle to Plinkenau in Upper Silesia, where he drank in an inn with members of the Freikorps Roßbach. For unexplained reasons the rumor arose that he was a runaway Rossbacher and a Polish informant. Thereupon a Bavarian free corps lieutenant named "Seppl" was notified, who came into the economy, arrested Sigulla and led him into a nearby forest. There he cut his throat. "Seppl" was arrested, but released from custody after the Entente troops had withdrawn from Upper Silesia.
  • Unknown man: Murdered by members of the Upper Silesian Self-Protection Felix Kaczmaryk and Johann Hauke ​​from Mislowitz as an uncomfortable confidante after robberies and break-ins committed together.
  • June 9, 1921: Karl Gareis , member of the Bavarian State Parliament (USPD). Gareis was gunned down on his doorstep in Munich-Schwabing. The probable reason is that he campaigned for the dissolution of the Bavarian Rescue Service.
  • October 31, 1921: Wilhelm Hörnlein, killed in Styria by a shot in the head; supposedly because he knew too many secrets of far-right circles.
  • February 1923: Karl Baur (Femeopfer) (* 1901), student, shot by members of the right-wing radical Blücher Association on the Isar in Munich in order to prevent him from betraying the federal putsch plans.
  • May 31, 1923: Walter Kadow (* 1900), see Parchimer Fememord
  • June 4, 1923: Erich Pannier, member of the Black Reichswehr in Döberitz, was killed on the orders of Theodor Benn by the Black Reichswehr members Stein, Schirrmann and Aschenkampf after he had "deserted" from the Black Reichswehr.
  • July 1923: Walter Wilms, sergeant, by officers, after he was suspected of spying for the communists, made deliberately drunk at a feast and then shot in a car outside Rathenow and thrown into the Havel with cable protection sleeves.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anonymous ( Carl Mertens ): The Fememorde . In: Die Weltbühne from November 17, 1925 II, pp. 750-756 ( online ).
  2. ^ Daniel Furth: Statistician Emil Gumbel - arithmetic against terror. one day on Spiegel Online , April 27, 2012.
  3. ↑ a b c Entry Fememorde, subsection “Fememorde in Bayern” in the Bavarian Historical Lexicon .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Bernhard Sauer : "traitors were shot here in quantities." The political assassinations in Upper Silesia 1921. In: Journal of History 54. Jg (2006), No. 7/8 (. Online ).
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Schild : Famous Berlin criminal trials of the twenties. In: Friedrich Ebel and Albrecht Randelzhofer (eds.): Legal developments in Berlin. Eight lectures held on the occasion of Berlin's 750th anniversary . De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1988, ISBN 978-3-11-090784-1 , pp. 140 ff. (Accessed via De Gruyter Online).