Lithuanian Polish

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The Lithuanian Polish (Polish: polszczyzna litewska ) is an East Polish dialect , which is mainly spoken in the vicinity of the Lithuanian capital Vilnius by members of the Polish minority in Lithuania . The Polish minority now makes up over 210,000 people and constitutes the majority of the population in some Lithuanian regions. The dialect is based on Belarusian , Russian and Lithuanian substrates .

Most speakers insist on their specific dialect to emphasize their affiliation with Lithuanian Polonia . However, it can be observed that more highly educated speakers use standardized Polish. The dialect is also used among the youth, unlike in more formal situations, such as when teaching Polish at school, at university or at family gatherings with relatives from Poland.

In Lithuanian-Polish slang, there is a particularly large selection of different words for just one thing . For example, for greeting ( cześć, priwiet, zdarow, łabas, salut, hej, ku-ku, ahoj ), when saying goodbye ( paka, cześć, pa, bywaj, iki, adiu, atia, trzymaj się ), or for the word “School” ( buda, szula, chata, więzienie, zona, saraj, dziura, skul ). This slang has a not inconsiderable number of loan words, mostly borrowed from Russian, but also from Lithuanian, Belarusian, Italian, French, German and English.

properties

Characteristic features of the dialect are:

  • e> i / y , z. B. kobita, pirog, srybro ;
  • Shrinkage or decomposition of nasals , e.g. B. piechoto, myślo; chcem, z naukom ;
  • unstressed o becomes a , e.g. B. skawronek, pieczywa (see standard Polish. Sk o wronek , "lark" or pieczyw o , "pastry");
  • soft ľ in all positions, e.g. B. ľas, ľato ;
  • ch is soft, e.g. B. chitry, chiba, marchiew ;
  • depalatarized ń , e.g. B. Minsk, łacinski, słonce ;
  • common suffix -uk , e.g. B. dzieciuk ;
  • Pronouns każden, któren ;
  • Accusative feminine nouns and adjectives are similar to the nominative, e.g. B. rura w rura, każden every człowiek ma swoja dola ;
  • Description of mieć (to have) as u + być ( for ... is , according to the (white) Russian pattern), e.g. B. u niej jest ... ;
  • w instead of do for directions, e.g. B. włożyć w kieszeń ;
  • active perfect participle (also of durative verbs, e.g. bywszy, jadszy, miawszy, czytawszy, wiedziawszy ) in attributive and predicative positions, e.g. B. spleśniawszy bochenek, a gdzie ona poszedszy ;
  • Past tenses of the type ja milczał, my czekali, już mnie gadano .

literature

  • Barbara Dwilewicz: Język mieszkańców wsi Bujwidze na Wileńszczyźnie . Warszawa 1997, ISBN 83-7181-048-2 .

Web links