Polonia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Polonia in numbers
ArgentinaArgentina Argentina 300,000
AustraliaAustralia Australia 200,000
BelgiumBelgium Belgium 100,000
BrazilBrazil Brazil 1,000,000
BulgariaBulgaria Bulgaria 2,500
ChileChile Chile 5,000
DenmarkDenmark Denmark 50,000
GermanyGermany Germany 3,000,000
EstoniaEstonia Estonia 3,000
FinlandFinland Finland 8,000
FranceFrance France 1,000,000
GeorgiaGeorgia Georgia 2,000
GreeceGreece Greece 8,000
United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom 1,000,000
NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 200,000
ItalyItaly Italy 100,000
IrelandIreland Ireland 100,000
IcelandIceland Iceland 15,000
IsraelIsrael Israel 3,000
JapanJapan Japan 2,000
former Yugoslavia f 4,500
CanadaCanada Canada 1,000,000
KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan 50,000
ColombiaColombia Colombia 5,000
LatviaLatvia Latvia 50,000
LithuaniaLithuania Lithuania 200,000
LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg 5,000
NorwayNorway Norway 100,000
MexicoMexico Mexico 8,000
Moldova RepublicRepublic of Moldova Moldova 5,000
New ZealandNew Zealand New Zealand 5,000
AustriaAustria Austria 100,000
ParaguayParaguay Paraguay 5,000
PeruPeru Peru 5,000
PortugalPortugal Portugal 3,000
RomaniaRomania Romania 5,000
RussiaRussia Russia 100,000
SwedenSweden Sweden 100,000
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 50,000
SlovakiaSlovakia Slovakia 8,000
SpainSpain Spain 100,000
South AfricaSouth Africa South Africa 25,000
Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic 100,000 j
TurkmenistanTurkmenistan Turkmenistan 2,000
TajikistanTajikistan Tajikistan 2,000
UkraineUkraine Ukraine 300,000
HungaryHungary Hungary 8,000
UruguayUruguay Uruguay 5,000
United StatesUnited States United States 9,770,544 l
UzbekistanUzbekistan Uzbekistan 3,000
VenezuelaVenezuela Venezuela 3,000
United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 5,000
BelarusBelarus Belarus 300,000
Project by Monica Puerta de Pieslak on Facebook in collaboration with the

Government organization "Wspolnota Polska". It will only start parishes

2,000 Poles listed here.
aespecially in Buenos Aires .
b 2011 census : people with a Polish migration background . The
number of people with exclusively Polish citizenship
is 740,962 (2015), and around 690,000 (2011)
people with German and Polish citizenship live in Germany.
c 2,193 according to the 2000 census
d2006 estimate from www.PolskiDublin.com
e 1,307 according to the 2015 census
f Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
G 817,085 according to the 2001 census
H 234,989 according to the 2001 census
i according to the 2002 census
j 51,968 according to the 2001 census
k 144,100 according to the 2001 census
l
m 396,000 according to the 1999 census
Poland abroad

Polonia is the Latin name for the state of Poland and is used in the Polish language for the Polish diaspora , which comprises around 18-20 million people around the world.

By definition, Polonia includes any person living outside Poland who:

  • has Polish citizenship (even if this person does not have a valid passport or identity card) or
  • who has Polish citizenship and also another citizenship or
  • does not have Polish citizenship, but is of Polish origin (which can be used to determine Polish citizenship ).

The most important criterion is one's own origin or the origin of one's ancestors. The person concerned does not have to be born in Poland. In some sources, the Poles in the former Polish eastern regions are not counted as Polonia, as they did not emigrate from Poland, but found themselves outside the Polish state due to border shifts after the Second World War .

background

There are different reasons and causes for the existence of a Polish ethnic group outside Poland:

  • Forced emigration or exile - primarily affected the ancestors of Poles living in Russia , who were exiled to Siberia after lost uprisings or other signs of disloyalty to the Tsarist Empire . This has happened since the partitions of Poland ,
  • Political emigration - began at the beginning of the 19th century and progressed in waves, increasing sharply after political upheavals (loss of independence, uprisings, system changes, wars, etc.),
  • Economic emigration - related to the industrial revolution, started in the mid-19th century and continues to this day, with countries of destination varying widely,
  • Deportation - took place after the German-Soviet attack on Poland in 1939 , this was practiced by both occupiers. On the one hand, Polish forced laborers were deported to Germany by the National Socialists; on the other hand, the Soviets deported the Polish population of Eastern Poland to the east for political or nationalist reasons.
  • Territorial shift - occurred after World War II and resulted in a shift of Poland's borders to the west. The Polish population of the former Eastern Poland was affected by this; this is how Polish minorities emerged in Lithuania , Belarus and the Ukraine .

Waves of emigration

The emigration of Poles had several stages:

The latter stage continues to this day and has concentrated on the countries of the European Union since the enlargement of the European Union in 2004 . One example is Ireland , in which hardly any foreigners lived before the expansion and which now has a foreign share of 4%, with the Poles with 120,000 people now representing the largest immigrant group in this country.

There were Polish colonies - consisting largely of political refugees - in almost all European capitals as well as in Hamburg , Bremen , Düsseldorf , Cologne , the Ruhr area ( Ruhr Poland ), Mannheim and Frankfurt am Main . Today's centers are also Chicago , the eastern Ruhr area and the London district of Ealing .

Poles from certain regions of Poland often settled mainly in certain cities in Germany. For example, Ahlen ( Westphalia ) formed a focus for Poland from the Posen (Poznań) area, Gelsenkirchen for Poland from Masuria and Recklinghausen for Poland from Silesia . Some of these focal points still exist today. Around Gelsenkirchen, separate terms such as Mottek for hammer (Polish: młotek ) were formed.

Current situation

Since Poland joined the European Union on May 1, 2004, around 1.12 million (3% of the population) Poles have left their country to find work in the European Union . Most of them are between 25 and 30 years old, according to an ECAS report. Most Poles emigrated to Germany (534,990), Great Britain (264,000), Ireland (120,000), France (90,000), Italy (72,229) and the Netherlands (20,000).

This outflow of often well-trained and skilled workers has meanwhile led to a labor shortage on the Polish market. At the same time, the ECAS report shows that Polish migrants have made a not inconsiderable contribution to the economic growth of their host countries.

Polish law

According to Polish law, those belonging to Polonia are ethnic Poles. A (re-) acquisition of Polish citizenship is thus simplified for these persons. Proof of Polish ancestors is usually sufficient.

On the basis of this legislation z. For example, the Israeli soccer player Ben Sahar received Polish citizenship and thus obtained the right to work and play soccer in the UK as an EU citizen.

Media for the Polonia

There are four television channels broadcasting information, news, documentaries, series and films from Poland for Polonia. These are the public service channel TV Polonia and the private channels TVN International , Polsat 2 International and TV Polska . In Chicago, there is Polvision, the largest Polish-language broadcaster outside Poland, founded by Walter Kotaba , who has also founded several radio stations in Illinois , New York and Connecticut . Other TV channels produced by Polonia for Polonia include TV Polonia.US (also Chicago), TV Foka from Calgary and Panorama 10 from Toronto (both Canada ) and the music channel TV4U from New York .

There are also numerous radio broadcasts and stations in countries such as B. the United States , Canada , Australia , Austria , Germany , the Netherlands , Ireland , France , Italy , Ukraine , Russia , Lithuania and Belarus .

World Games of Poland Abroad

In 1934, the World Games of Poles Abroad were held in Warsaw for the first time for emigrated Poles , which have been taking place regularly since 1974 after a 40-year break. The sports competitions, which are divided into summer and winter games, are held at different locations in Poland every year. So participated in the XV. Summer Games 2011 in Wroclaw 1,682 athletes from 23 countries participated in 27 sports.

Polonia in Germany

The most important associations active at the federal level include the Bund der Poles in Deutschland , based in Bochum , which was founded in Berlin in 1922 as the umbrella association of Polish organizations, and the Polish Congress in Germany , based in Aachen . This was founded on February 15, 1992 from 16 Polish associations for the purpose of representing the interests of the Polish associations towards the authorities.

The Polish Catholic Mission plays a special role, offering, among other things, instruction in the Polish language for children with a Polish migration background.

Well-known Poland abroad

Well-known Poles abroad and people from Poland

science

music

literature

Movie

politics

Sports

Soccer

Soccer (Germany)

Other sports

Other

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wspólnota Polska - Polonia w liczbach. ( Memento of the original from December 21, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Unless otherwise stated, the following figures represent estimates from 2007, with only municipalities over 2,000 people listed. Some of these data indicate significantly higher numbers than other statistics, such as B. censuses, and have no absolute claim, but are to be understood as approximate values, which are the only basis for assessment, especially in countries where no censuses are carried out. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / archiwum.wspolnotapolska.org.pl
  2. ↑ Census database - results of the 2011 census . Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  3. ↑ Number of foreigners from Poland in Germany from 2007 to 2015
  4. ↑ Four million Germans have two passports , zeit.de
  5. ↑ Polacy w Japonii
  6. ↑ Poland abroad . Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  7. ↑ Central Statistical Office ( Memento of the original dated June 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stat.gov.pl
  8. ↑ see also: Union of Poles in Belarus
  9. ↑ Poland abroad . Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  10. ↑ European Citizen Action Service ( Memento of the original dated December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ecas-citizens.eu
  11. ↑ in the report the Baltic countries and Finland were not included
  12. ↑ Seasonal workers are included in the figures
  13. ↑ Individuals are of different national denominations