Lord Howe Rise

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Topographic map of Zealandia with the Lord Howe Rise in an arc east of Australia from northwest to southeast

The Lord Howe Rise is a mountain range lying below sea level . It belongs to the 4.9 million square kilometer and 94% below sea level area that scientists call Zealandia and that is being promoted as a continent .

Origin of name

The submarine mountain range was named after Lord Howe Island , which is part of the mountain range.

geography

The Lord Howe Rise is located around 600 km east of Australia , around 370 km southwest of New Caledonia and 600 km northwest of New Zealand . The mountain range, which has an undulating northwest-southeast orientation ( geographic coordinates 23 ° 20 'S, 161 ° 30' E , geographic coordinates 38 ° 0 'S, 165 ° 40' E ), extends over a length of more than 1600 km and is between 400 and 500 km wide. The mountain range is between 1000 and 3000 m below sea level. and rises with Lord Howe Island , which is of volcanic origin, from 2000 m below sea level to 875  m ( Mount Gower ) above the sea.

To the west of the Lord Howe Rise is the Kenn Plateau , the Damper Ridge and the deep sea of ​​the Tasman Sea , to the north the Chesterfield Islands join with the Chesterfield Plateau , to the east the New Caledonia Trough accompanies the mountain range and to the south the Challenger Plateau borders the west of New Zealand lies the Lord Howe Rise .

geology

The Lord Howe Rise is based on a continental crust that was separated from the Australian continent 85–52 million years ago when the Tasman Basin was formed. The base rock, presumably formed in the Paleozoic Era , is covered with a layer of silicate and carbonate containing mud formed several hundred meters thick in the Cenozoic Era and was the subject of extensive geological investigations by the Australian government in 2003 due to possible oil and gas deposits.

Marine fauna

Until 2003, the marine fauna in the Lord Howe Rise area had been little explored. That is why the New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries, in cooperation with the National Oceans Office of Australia , started the NORFANZ project in May 2003, which will monitor marine fauna in the areas of the Lord Howe Rise and the Norfolk Ridge for two months (May 9th to June 7th 2003) should investigate. In a total of 14 different areas, four in the Lord Howe Rise area and ten in the Norfolk Ridge area , marine life was explored at depths between 100 and 2000 m. 590 different types of fish and 1305 different types of invertebrates were identified, 12% of the invertebrates were identified as new species and around 20% of the fish.

literature

  • S. Van de Beuque , HMJ Stagg, J. Sayers, JB Willcox, PA Symonds : Geological framework of the Northern Lord Howe Rise and adjacent areas . In: Geoscience Australia (Ed.): Geoscience Australia Record . 2003/01 . Canberra 2003, ISBN 0-642-46758-7 (English, online [PDF; 41.3 MB ; accessed on March 14, 2017]).
  • Malcolm R. Clark, Clive D. Roberts : Fish and invertebrate biodiversity on the Norfolk Ridge and Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea (NORFANZ voyage, 2003) . In: Ministry of Fisheries (ed.): New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report . No. 28 , 2008, ISSN  1176-9440 (English, online [PDF; 14.6 MB ; accessed on March 15, 2017]).
  • Nick Mortimer , Hamish Campbell : Zealandia - Our Continent Revealed . Penguin Books , London 2014, ISBN 978-0-14-357156-8 (English).
  • Nick Mortimer et al. 10 co-authors: Zealandia: Earth's Hidden Continent . In: Geological Society of America (Ed.): GSA Today . Volume 27 , 3 (March / April), 2017, doi : 10.1130 / GSATG321A.1 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mortimer et al. 10 co-authors: Zealandia: Earth's Hidden Continent . In: GSA Today . 2017, p.  1 .
  2. ↑ Lord Howe Rise . In: GEBCO - Undersea Feature Names Gazetteer . National Centers for Environmental Information (NOAA), accessed on March 14, 2017 (English, interactive map for selecting the geographic object).
  3. ↑ Coordinates and longitudes of the Chatham Rise were made by Google Earth .
  4. ↑ Van de Beuque , Stagg, Sayers, Willcox, Symonds : Geological framework of the Northern Lord Howe Rise and adjacent areas . 2003, p.  1 .
  5. ^ Provincial and Sedimentary Basin Geology - Petroleum Geology - Offshore Eastern Australia - Lord Howe Rise . Geoscience Australia , accessed March 14, 2017 .
  6. ^ Mortimer, Campbell : Zealandia - Our Continent Revealed . 2014, p.  94 .
  7. ↑ Mortimer et al. 10 co-authors: Zealandia: Earth's Hidden Continent . In: GSA Today . 2017, p.  2 .
  8. ↑ Van de Beuque , Stagg, Sayers, Willcox, Symonds : Geological framework of the Northern Lord Howe Rise and adjacent areas . 2003, p.  1-116 .
  9. ^ Clark, Roberts : Fish and invertebrate biodiversity on the Norfolk Ridge and Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea . 2008, p.  4 .
  10. ^ Clark, Roberts : Fish and invertebrate biodiversity on the Norfolk Ridge and Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea . 2008, p.  114 (Appendix 5).
  11. ^ Clark, Roberts : Fish and invertebrate biodiversity on the Norfolk Ridge and Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea . 2008, p.  6 .
  12. ^ Clark, Roberts : Fish and invertebrate biodiversity on the Norfolk Ridge and Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea . 2008, p.  113 (Appendix 5).