Lusitan Sundanese Padrão
The so-called Lusitan-Sundanese Padrão is a stone pillar reminiscent of the Treaty of Sunda Kalapa , which was signed between the kingdoms of Portugal and Sunda in 1522 . A padrão is a stone pillar with the coat of arms of Portugal and a cross on top.
history
Due to the growing Islamic power in Demak and Cirebon , the Hindu king of Sunda, Sri Baduga, sought help from the Portuguese colony in Malacca . He sent his son, Crown Prince Prabu Surawisesa, to Malacca in 1512 and 1521 to invite the Portuguese to sign a peace treaty, exchange pepper and build a fortress in his main port, Sunda Kalapa. It was not until 1522 that the Portuguese were ready to form a coalition with the Sundanese king in order to gain access to the profitable pepper trade.
Jorge de Albuquerque , in command of the fortress of Malacca, sent the ship São Sebastião under captain Henrique Leme to Sunda Kalapa with valuable gifts for the King of Sunda in 1522 . Two written sources describe the conclusion of the contract: the original Portuguese document from 1522, with the text of the contract and the signatures of the witnesses; and a report by João de Barros in his book Décadas da Asia , printed after 1777 or 1778.
The Portuguese were greeted by the Crown Prince and later King Prabu Surawisesa Jayapercosa (also called King Surawisesa of Pajundan, or Ratu Sang Hyang, in Portuguese Ratu Samian). The chronicler João de Barros calls him Samião. The Portuguese were allowed to build a fortress at the mouth of the Ciliwung , where they could load black pepper onto their ships. The king also promised to give the Portuguese a thousand sacks (more than 20 tons) of pepper every year. The treaty was drawn up in two copies, one for the King of Sunda and one for the King of Portugal. Both copies were signed on August 21, 1522. The mandarins Sangydepaty (Sang Adipati) and Benegar (Bendahara or treasurer) and the Shahbandar (national champion) Fabian.
“On that day” these mandarins and other honorable men went together with Henrique Leme and his entourage to the mouth of the river where the fortress was to be built, on the “Land of Sunda Kalapa”. There they erected a padrão, a stone pillar in what is now the Tugu sub-district of northern Jakarta , symbolizing the Portuguese claim to the land. Due to problems in Goa , the capital of Portuguese India , the Portuguese neglected their promise to come back the following year to build the fortress. They did not return to the Java Sea until November 1526 , when they arrived on six ships from Bintan under the command of Francisco de Sá .
The Padrão was rediscovered at the junction between Jalan Cengkeh and Jalan Kali Besar Timur in 1918 when the Dutch-East Indian government carried out a reclamation in the area. Today the Lusitan-Sundanese padrão is kept in the National Museum of Indonesia .
Details
The Padrão is a stone column 165 centimeters high. The upper part of the padrão shows an armillary sphere with a shamrock, a symbol of the discovery used by King Manuel of Portugal . A cross of the Order of Christ was carved over the first line of the inscription . The inscription itself reads, OSPOR .ESFERЯa / Mo and is an abbreviation of O Senhor de Portugal. Esfera / Espera do Mundo, which means "Lord of Portugal, Sphere / Hope of the World".
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zahorka, Herwig (2007). The Sunda Kingdoms of West Java, From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with Royal Center of Bogor, Over 1000 Years of Prosperity and Glory. Cipta Loka Caraka
- ↑ Alguns documentos do Archivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo ácerca das navegações e conquistas Portuguezas (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional. 1892. pp. 460-461
- ^ Heuken, Adolf (2000). Historical Sites of Jakarta. Cipta Loka Caraka. P. 24