Macaulay Library

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Coordinates: 42 ° 28 '48 "  N , 76 ° 27' 3.8"  W The Macaulay Library (also Linda and William Macaulay Library , formerly Library of Natural Sounds , NLS) is the Cornell Lab of Ornithology of Cornell University is moved Collection of chants, calls and other sounds as well as video recordings of animals. The archive includes 175,000 animal sounds from around 9,000 species and around 50,000 videos from 3,500 species. According to the archives, it is the largest collection of its kind.

history

The ornithologist Arthur Augustus Allen (1885–1964) recorded the first bird's voice in the collection in 1929. Early employees also included student Peter Paul Kellogg and former stock exchange trader Albert R. Brand. In the following years, the recording technology was supplemented and improved and two expeditions to record birdsong were carried out. In 1942, the six-part record collection American Bird Songs was published. The sale of sound recordings was the main source of income for the Cornell Lab of Ornithology until the 1980s. After the Second World War , magnetic tape technology made lighter and more mobile recording devices possible. The collection, now known as the Library of Natural Sounds (NLS), grew steadily through recordings by both scientists and amateurs and was organized by the librarian Byrl Kellogg. The public relations work was supplemented by the local radio show Know Your Birds , which existed until the 1980s . From the end of the 1950s, the range of the collection expanded to include birds and other animals found outside of North America.

In the 1960s, Allen and Byrl Kellogg died and Peter Paul Kellogg retired, after which the development of the collection stagnated. In 1974 James L. Gulledge became the curator and director of the collection. External donors such as the National Science Foundation enabled the further development and maintenance of the collection, which was also supplemented with photographs by ornithologists Paul A. Schwartz and Theodore A. Parker III . Gelledge's successor was Greg Budney in 1987, under whose aegis the collection grew to 140,000 recordings. He was succeeded as director in 1999 by Jack W. Bradbury who, with the help of his predecessor and the sound engineer Robert Grotke, pushed ahead with the digitization of the inventory. From 2001, video recordings on animal behavioral biology were also included in the collection.

In 2003, the Lab of Ornithology and the collection moved to the new premises of the Imogene Powers Johnson Center for Birds and Biodiversity , a move made possible by donations from Linda and William Macaulay and the renaming of the collection to the Linda and William Macaulay Library resulted in. Mike Webster has been the head of the collection since 2009 . In January 2013, 175,000 digitized sound recordings were made accessible online, the collection of 50,000 video recordings is being digitized.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Archive with 175,000 animal sounds online . In: heise online. February 17, 2013, accessed February 17, 2013.
  2. ^ A b c The Cornell Lab of Ornithology: History of the Macaulay Library . Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  3. ↑ Pat Leonard: World's largest natural sound archive is now online. In: Cornell Chronicle . 17th January 2013.