Machakos protocol
The Machakos Protocol was signed on July 20, 2002 by the government of Sudan and the South Sudanese rebel organization SPLA as a framework agreement for further peace negotiations in the civil war in South Sudan . It forms part of the Naivasha Agreement . It takes its name from the city of Machakos in Kenya .
The agreement came about through the mediation of the regional organization IGAD . The Kenyan general Lazarus Sumbeiywo in particular played a key role in the negotiations.
The Sudanese government agreed to grant South Sudan self-determination in the form of a referendum on independence. The government had already promised self-determination for the south in agreements with factions of the rebels in 1997 and in the constitution in 1998, but the Machakos Protocol was its strongest commitment to this principle to date.
In return, the SPLM accepted that Sharia would continue to be applied in northern Sudan, thereby abandoning the goal of making all of Sudan a secular state.
The Machakos Protocol did not yet mean an armistice. The war in South Sudan only ended in 2005.
swell
- International Crisis Group : Sudan's Best Chance for Peace: How Not to Lose It , Africa Report N ° 51, September 17, 2002 (PDF; 754 kB).
- Robert O. Collins: A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge University Press , Cambridge 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-67495-9 (pp. 263-265).