Maykop culture

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Distribution area of ​​the Maikop culture

The Maykop culture is an early Bronze Age culture, the remains of which were found in what is now southern Russia and in the northwestern Caucasus . It dates between 4000 and 3200 BC. Chr, or between 3800/3600 and 3000 BC The name-giving place of discovery is the city of Maikop , where a large Kurgan was excavated in 1897 .

economy

The wool sheep is proven by textile finds.

Many grave finds document the use of the wagon , possibly under the influence of Uruk . A confirmation of this assumption by finds of Mesopotamian chariots is still pending.

Social structure

Extremely rich graves indicate social differentiation. It is mostly assumed that tribes with chiefs existed in the Maikop culture . Anthony also accepts specialized dealers.

Origin and cultural contacts

Anthony connects the Maikop culture with the northern expansion of the middle Uruk culture , which is documented in Arslantepe VII and Hacinebi B. He sees disk-turned ceramics and metal objects of the Mesopotamian type, especially in the Kurgan of Maikop , as evidence .

The use of ceramic häckselgemagerter ( English "Chaff-Faced-goods" ) as in 'AMQ F in the northern Levant and Ovçular Tepesi in Nakhichevan ( Leyla-Tepe culture ) provides C. Marro as evidence of a South Caucasian origin of the Maikop culture .

Research history

Marija Gimbutas assigned the Maykop culture to her Kurgan culture .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Yevgeny Nikolajewitsch Tschernych (Евгений Николаевич Черных): Türkic Archeology - Eurasian “steppe belt”: at the origins . In: Nature . No. 3 , 2008, p. 34–43 ( English , Russian [accessed August 18, 2017], Russian: Евразийский “ степной пояс ”: у истоков формирования . 2008.).
  2. ↑ Maria Ivanova: Caucasus and Orient: The emergence of the “Maikop phenomenon” in the 4th millennium BC. Chr . In: Prehistoric Journal . No. 87/1 , 2012, p. 10 ( researchgate.net [PDF]).
  3. ↑ Maria Ivanova: Caucasus and Orient: The emergence of the “Maikop phenomenon” in the 4th millennium BC. Chr . In: Prehistoric Journal . No. 87/1 , 2012, p. 4 ( [1] [PDF]).
  4. ↑ Maria Saña, Carlos Tornero: Use of Animal Fibers during the Neolithisation in the Middle Euphrates Valley: An Approach archaeozoological . In: Paléorient (=  Préhistoire des Textiles au Proche-Orient ). No. 38 / 1-2 , 2012, pp. 81 , JSTOR : 43264564 .
  5. ^ L. Good: Archaeological textiles: a review of current research . In: Annual Review of Anthropology . No. 30 , 2001, p. 209-226 .
  6. ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2007, pp. 263 .
  7. ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2007, pp. 263 .
  8. ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2007, pp. 282-289 .
  9. ↑ Catherine Marro: Where did Late Chalcolithic Chaff-Faced Ware originate? Cultural Dynamics in Anatolia and Transcaucasia at the Dawn of Urban Civilization (ca 4500-3500 BC) . In: Paléorient . No. 36/2 , 2010, p. 35-55 ( persee [accessed November 15, 2015]).