Mangalarga Paulista
| Mangalarga Paulista | |
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| Important data | |
| Origin: | Brazil |
| Main breeding area: | Brazil |
| Distribution: | |
| Stick measure : | 155 cm |
| Colors : | all |
| Main application area: | Shepherd horse, cross country riding, recreational riding, sport riding, rodeo |
The Mangalarga or Mangalarga Paulista is a Brazilian horse breed that was created in the state of São Paulo during the first three decades of the 20th century by crossing horses of the Mangalarga Marchador breed with horses of breeds of Anglo-Saxon origin such as Morgan , American Saddlebred and Hackney . Mangalarga Paulista and Mangalarga Marchador have different breeding regulations, breeding goals and breeders' associations.
The Mangalarga is also known as Cavalo de Sela Brasileiro or, for short, Sela Brasileiro ( Brazilian saddle horse ). The term Cavalo Paulista , or simply Paulista , is also often found.
Background information on horse evaluation and breeding can be found under: Exterior , interior and horse breeding .
Breeding history
The Mangalarga Marchador is a Brazilian horse breed that goes back to the Altér Real breed of the Coudelaria (state stud) Altér Real, which came to Brazil on the flight of the Portuguese royal court from Napoléon (November 1807 to January 22, 1808) . These were then crossed with Berber horses and mostly work horse breeds from the Iberian Peninsula that had come to Brazil during the colonial days.
According to tradition, King John VI. the Barão (Freiherr) von Alfenas, Gabriel Francisco Junqueira , a breeding stallion of the Altér Real breed in 1812. With this, Junqueira began his own horse breeding by crossing him with common mares from the Fazenda 'Farm' Campo Alegre in the south of the province - the states were called provinces at the time of the monarchy - Minas Gerais. A new kind of horse arose from these crossbreeds, and because of their soft gait they were called Sublime - this is also said to have been the name of the stallion.
These comfortable horses attracted a lot of attention and soon afterwards the owner of Fazenda Manga Larga in Paty do Alferes , Rio de Janeiro province , introduced a few Sublime specimens for his own use on his farm. The outstanding characteristics of these horses - especially their physique, their ability to perform and their gait - soon made a name for themselves at the Imperial Court, although they were referred to as Mangalara horses in relation to the farm they came from.
In the further breeding of these horses, this smooth gait, the Marcha , a gait related to the tölt , was systematically bred. For the time being, each breeder set his own criteria. In 1928 the zoo technician Paulo de Lima Corrêa published an in-depth study defining the description of the Mangalara horse breed. Two breeders who were enthusiastic about Corrêa's proposal, Dr. Celso Torquato Junqueira and Renato Junqueira Neto, created a Mangalarga Breeders Council to determine the mares and stallion selection criteria, which the following breeders joined: Eduardo Ralston, Gabriel Jorge Franco, Paulo de Lima Corrêa, Agusto de Oliveira Lopes, Celso Torquato Junqueira, Renato Junqueira Neto, Humberto S. Pereira Lima, Saulo Junqueira Franco, Antonio Uchôa Filho and Antonio Junqueira Franco. This was the first step in the direction of a Mangalara horse breeders' association. A stud book was also prepared.
On September 25, 1934, the Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalos da Raça Mangalarga (ABCCRM) was founded in São Paulo and the stud book was immediately put into operation. In the previous thirty years, in search of better land, a large part of the Junqueira family had moved significantly to the state of São Paulo. On new ground with a different terrain, with a different cultural background and where even the deer hunt was different, the Junqueiras decided to adapt their horses to the new conditions through new crossings. By crossing with other gaited horses such as Morgan , American Saddle Horse and Hackney , a new breed of horse, the Mangalarga Paulista, emerged .
In the mid-1940s, the differences between the horses led to different views on the part of breeders in São Paulo and Minas Gerais, especially with regard to gait. The breeders in Minas insisted that the Marcha Tríplice Apoiada should be retained as a breed characteristic. The horse breed previously known only as Mangalarga had to be divided into two breeds according to the breeding changes made in São Paulo. The Mangalargas with the characteristics of the original breeding history in Minas Gerais were then officially designated as Mangalarga Marchador , while the horses with the Anglo-American crossbreeds added in São Paulo kept the original name Mangalarga . However, these names have remained purely official: On Brazilian farms and studs, people only speak of Mangalarga Mineiro and Mangalarga Paulista .
In 1949, the Associação Brasileira dos Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador (ABCCMM) in Belo Horizonte , MG, was founded as a Marchador breeders association for the Mangalarga Marchador, out of necessity and to separate from the Mangalarga (Paulista) .
literature
- Larousse dos Cavalos , São Paulo, SP: Larousse do Brasil, 2006
- Antônio Carlos Bellini Amorim: Mangalarga: O Cavalo de Sela Brasileiro , São Paulo, SP: Bellini Cultural, 2008
- João Francisco Franco Junqueira: Os Cavalos de João Francisco Diniz Junqueira , São Paulo, SP: Via Impressa Edição de Artes, 2004
- José Oswaldo Junqueira? Referencial Mangalarga 89 , São Paulo, SP: BG Cultural, 1989
- José Oswaldo Junqueira: Referencial Mangalarga 97 , São Paulo, SP: BG Cultural, 1997
- Raul Sampaio de Almeida Prado: Raízes Mangalarga , São Paulo, SP: Empresa das Artes, 2008
- José Hamilton Ribeiro: O Cavalo Mangalarga , Labtec, 1980
- Antônio Carlos Rodrigues: O Cavalo Mangalarga , São Paulo, SP: Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos da Raça Mangalarga, 1980
- Fausto Simões: Mangalarga eo Cavalo de Sela Brasileiro , São Paulo, SP: Editora dos Criadores, 1976 (1978?), 1979 [2ª edição revista], 1983 [3ª edição]
- Antônio Prates Trivelin: Contribuição ao Estudo da Raça Mangalarga no Estado de São Paulo , Piracicaba, SP: ESALQ - Escola Superior Agronômica "Luiz de Queiróz" da USP - Universidade de São Paulo, 1959
