Marcin Kalinowski

The Kalinowski coat of arms

Marcin Kalinowski (* 1605 ; † 1652 at Batoh ) was a Polish hetman who fought against the Zaporozhian Cossacks during the Khmelnytskyi uprising . He died in 1652 during the Battle of Batoh .

Life

Kalinowski came from a noble Polish family, his father was Walenty Aleksandar Kalinowski. He studied with his brothers under Mikołaj von Vernulz and after the death of his father in 1623 received some villages in the Podole province. After fighting the Tatars at Martynov together with his brother , he became a Podomsk officer in 1632 and in 1633 took part in the coronation ceremony of Władysław IV Vasa . He married Princess Helena Korecka as early as the 1620s, and the two had a son, Samuel. Kalinowski was wounded in the Battle of Smolensk in 1634. As a reward, in 1635 he became governor of the Black Sea and commissioner for border issues with Moscow . In the following years he administered his property, but had to defend himself before the Reichstag for allegedly drawing too much income from his fief . As a result, he rarely took part in Sejm and Senate meetings. In 1638 he was responsible for drawing the border between Kiev and the Tatars from the Black Sea. He gained even greater political influence when his son married Urszula Brygida, the daughter of Jerzy Ossoliński , one of the leading politicians in Poland-Lithuania in 1646 .

Khmelnitskyi uprising

Massacre of Polish soldiers after the Battle of Batoh

In November 1646 he was appointed hetman and subsequently took part in the Sejmy in 1646 and 1647. When the Khmelnytskyi uprising broke out in 1648 , he and Mikołaj Potocki took part in the campaign against the rebels. In the battle of Korsun the Polish army was defeated and Kalinowski was taken prisoner. He could not pay the requested ransom of 100,000 złoty and remained in captivity for two years until part of the sum could be paid. Kalinowski, who owed his promotion to Jerzy Ossolinski's good contacts, returned to the Cossack-occupied territories in 1651 with a new army. He achieved a number of successes, conquering Murachwa, Szarogród and Jampol. Despite these initial successes, he had to withdraw and united his troops with the royal army. As a result, he took part in the Battle of Berestetschko in June 1651 . As a result, a temporary peace was made, but it was fragile. In 1652 he took over the supervision of the areas in Ukraine . He took on this role because his ambitions had sparked the indignation of the Ruthenian nobility and he wanted to withdraw temporarily from the Sejm and daily political affairs. In 1652 he was given the task of preventing the Cossack army from reaching Moldova . At Batoh he provided the Cossacks with his 10,000 to 15,000 men, who, however, received reinforcements from the Tatars and were thus far outnumbered. When a tumult broke out in the camp and the Polish troops were surrounded, a massacre ensued. Kalinowski was still trying to save his son Samuel, but died during the battle, as did his son.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Marcin Kalinowski (1605–1652) - niefortunny zalotnik. Retrieved April 25, 2018 . 
2. ↑ nina.gov.pl: Marcin Kalinowski h. Kalinowa. Retrieved April 25, 2018 (Polish).