Marcus of Toledo

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marcus of Toledo , also Marcus Toletanus , Tolletanus or Toledanus , was a Spanish doctor, member of the translation school of Toledo and canon of the cathedral school of Toledo.

In 1191 he is mentioned in a document as Marcus diaconus . He joined the translation school in the late 12th century to find and translate Galenos' medical writings . He was considered a skilled translator from Arabic.

What is known about him comes mainly from the prefaces of his translations. He then studied medicine and went to Toledo, as his fellow students and professors knew that he knew how to speak Arabic and that he had read Galen in Arabic and that they wanted translations from him into Latin. It is not known where he studied medicine, Marie-Thérèse d'Alverny suspects Montpellier, whose medical school enjoyed a significant boom in the second half of the 12th century. He is entered as a witness several times in the copial book of Toledo Cathedral, first in 1193, last in 1214. From 1194 to 1197 and 1203 to 1208 there is no evidence of him. He was probably not in Toledo at the time, perhaps to study.

He first translated an isagogic from Galen by Hunain ibn Ishāq (Johannitius), the Liber introductorius in medicinam (using Constantine the African ). But he found other works in the cupboards of the Arabs (Armaria Arabum), such as von Galen's treatise on the pulse, which he translated as Liber de tactu pulsus .

In 1209/1210 he made a translation of the Koran into Latin. It is superior to the first translation by Robert von Ketton and co-workers (around 1143), partly because Robert von Ketton took considerable liberties.

literature

  • Heinrich Schipperges : Marcus, in Lexikon des Mittelalters , Volume VI, 1999, column 228/229
  • Marie-Thérèse d'Alverny , G. Vajda: Marc de Tolède, traducteur d'Ibn Tumart, Al-Andalus, Volume 16, 1951, pp. 99-140, 259-308, Volume 17, 1952, pp. 1-56
  • Marie-Thérèse d'Alverny: Deux traductions latines de Coran au Moyen-Age, in: Archives d 'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age, 1948, pp. 69-131
  • Marie-Thérèse d'Alverny: Marc de Tolède, in: Marie-Thérèse d'Alverny: La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval, ed. by Charles Burnett, Variorum, Aldershot, Hampshire 1994
  • Heinrich Schipperges : The Assimilation of Arabic Medicine through the Latin Middle Ages, 1964
  • Ulisse Cecini: Alcoranus latinus: a linguistic and cultural-scientific analysis of the Koran translations by Robert von Ketton and Marcus von Toledo, Lit Verlag 2012, (= dissertation in Erlangen-Nürnberg 2010)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marie-Thérèse d'Alverny: La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval, ed. by Charles Burnett, Variorum, Aldershot, Hampshire 1994, p. VII 30
  2. ↑ Schipperges, Article Marcus, Lexicon of the Middle Ages
  3. ↑ A translation from the Greek by Burgundio da Pisa was made shortly beforehand.
  4. ↑ James Kritzeck, Peter the Venerable and Islam, Princeton UP, 1964, p. 111
  5. ↑ The article by Wolfgang Wegner in Gerabek (Ed.), Enzyklopädie der Medizingeschichte, De Gruyter, Volume 2, p. 891, contains essentially the same information
personal data
SURNAME Marcus of Toledo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish doctor and translator
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH 13th Century