Margarita cloves

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Margarita Carnations (1921)

Margarita Nelken (born July 5, 1894 , † March 8, 1968 ) was a Spanish feminist and author. She was a well-known intellectual and central figure in the early Spanish women's movement in the 1930s.

Life and education

Margarita Nelken was born as María Teresa Lea Nelken y Mansberger in Madrid in 1894 . Her parents were of German-Jewish origin and owned a jewelry shop. She studied music, painting and languages, including French, German and English in addition to her native Spanish. Her sister Carmen Eva Nelken was an actress and author.

Political career

Nelken joined the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in 1931 and was a candidate for the Agrupación Socialista elections in Badajoz in October . She was elected to the constituent parliament. This made her one of the first three women in the Spanish parliament, alongside her party mate Victoria Kent and Clara Campoamor from the Partido Republicano Radical . She was able to defend her seat in November 1933 and February 1936. Although she was a feminist, she spoke out against Spanish women's suffrage; in her opinion, women weren't ready for it. Nelken was a staunch spokeswoman for agrarian reform and was hostile to the right because of her origins and feminist beliefs. After the Asturian miners' strike of 1934 , she was charged with military rebellion, after which she left Spain.

In exile, she lived in Paris and visited Scandinavia and the Soviet Union , where she raised funds for the victims of oppression in Spain. She returned to Spain in 1936. After the beginning of the Spanish Civil War , she stayed in Madrid, from where she organized the transport of art treasures from Toledo to the vaults of the Bank of Spain . She also gave various radio talks to raise the morale of the militias. Disappointed by Largo Caballero's leadership , she switched from the PSOE to the Spanish Communist Party (PCE) .

Exile and death

Nelken remained a member of parliament until she and her sister fled to Mexico just before the end of the civil war in 1939 . There she worked as an art critic. Carnations died in Mexico on March 9, 1968.

Works and views

In the 1920s, Nelken wrote novels with a socio-political tendency , including La trampa del arenal ("The Sand Trap ", 1923). Other works include La condición social de la mujer en España ("The social situation of women in Spain", 1922) and La mujer ante las cortes constituyentes (1931). She wrote about Spanish women authors and politicians, as well as various short stories and essays, including Los judíos en la cultura hispánica , which was first published in Spain in 2009. Cloves translated anonymously under the title La metamorfosis Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis ; the translation appeared in 1925 in the magazine Revista de Occidente . Presumably she is also the author of the translations of Kafka's stories Ein Hungerkünstler (1927, under the title Un artista del hambre ) and First Suffering (1932, under the title Un artista del trapecio , A Trapeze Artist ) , published in the same place .

Nelken represented a militant feminism; According to her, the exploitation of women workers had negative consequences for both themselves and the male workers.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Preston, Paul: Doves of war. Four Women of Spain , London 2002, p. 301.
  2. ↑ a b c Ihrie, Maureen; Pérez, Janet: The Feminist Encyclopedia of Spanish Literature. NZ , Westport 2002, p. 439.
  3. ↑ a b c d e An essay by Margarita Nelken published for the first time in Spain
  4. ↑ Preston, Paul: Doves of War. Four Women of Spain , London 2002, p. 318.
  5. ^ A b Preston, Paul: Doves of war. Four Women of Spain , London 2002, p. 319.
  6. ^ Jad Adams: Women and the Vote. A world history. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870684-7 , page 306.
  7. ↑ Preston, Paul: Doves of War. Four Women of Spain , London 2002, p. 322.
  8. ↑ Preston, Paul: Doves of War. Four Women of Spain , London 2002, pp. 341f.
  9. ↑ Preston, Paul: Doves of War. Four Women of Spain , London 2002, p. 357.
  10. ↑ Preston, Paul: Doves of War. Four Women of Spain , London 2002, p. 364.
  11. ^ A b Davies, Catherine: Spanish Women's Writing 1849-1996 , London 1998, p. 110.
  12. ↑ Preston, Paul: Doves of War. Four Women of Spain , London 2002, p. 406.
  13. ↑ de Martinez, Adelaida Lopez; Turner, Harriet: The Cambridge Companion to the Spanish Novel. From 1600 to the Present , Cambridge 2003.
  14. ↑ On the translation history for this story, cf. Adriano Sofri : Kafka's electric tram. How the 'metamorphosis' was transformed - a philological thriller. Translated from the Italian by Annette Kopetzki. Verlag Klaus Wagenbach , Berlin 2019, ISBN 9783803136893 .
  15. ↑ Georg Pichler, Franz Kafka in Spain, 2016: http://www.geisteswissenschaften-in-sachsen.de/kulturraeume/kafka-atlas/laender-artikel/kafka-in-spanien , accessed on January 28, 2020.
  16. ↑ Ackelsberg, Martha A .: Free Women of Spain. Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women , Oakland 1991.
personal data
SURNAME Carnations, margarita
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Carnations y Mansberger, María Teresa Lea
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish feminist and author
DATE OF BIRTH July 5, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Madrid
DATE OF DEATH March 8, 1968