Marie-Anne Calame
Marie-Anne Calame (born May 5, 1775 in Le Locle , Switzerland ; died October 12, 1834 there) was a Swiss handicraft artist and pietist who founded the Asile des Billodes orphanage .
Life
Calame was the daughter of the metal engraver and mayor Jean-Jacques-Henri and his wife Marie-Anne Houriet. She took up the profession of an enamel miniaturist and portrait painter. She also taught the painter Louis-Aimé Grosclaude , who later opened a studio in Paris.
She belonged to the pietistic revival movement Réveil and represented the charitable basic idea of her Swiss contemporaries Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and Jean Baptiste Girard . Since she noticed the social grievances in her hometown after the Napoleonic Wars , she laid the foundation stone for an orphanage in Le Locle in 1815. When her financial strength and that of her friends were exhausted, she invented a five-centime collection and was finally able to buy her own house for the endeavor, the Asile des Billodes . From 1820 she also took in needy boys and refugee children there, for whom she applied for residence permits against official opposition. By 1827, several hundred pupils had already received basic knowledge, musical subjects and technical skills in addition to religious instruction; During her lifetime she helped two thousand children and eventually had fifty employees.
She died unmarried in 1834 during an epidemic of dysentery and typhus . She is buried on the grounds of the orphanage, which today operates under the name Center pédagogique Les Billodes and can look back on 200 years of history.
literature
- Marianne Berlinger Konqui: Calame, Marie-Anne. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Renate Gyalog: The “Pestalozzi” from Le Locle: the life of Marie-Anne Calame , Zurich 1996, ISBN 3-545-34138-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marianne Berlinger Konqui: Calame, Marie-Anne. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 4, 2004 , accessed February 25, 2019 .
- ^ Antonius Lux (ed.): Great women of world history. A thousand biographies in words and pictures . Sebastian Lux Verlag , Munich 1963, p. 91.
- ^ Die Weltwoche 13/2011: Cherub of the gruel
Web links
- Publications by and about Marie-Anne Calame in the Helveticat catalog of the Swiss National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Calame, Marie-Anne |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swiss social reformer, founder of an orphanage |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 5, 1775 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Le Locle , Switzerland |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 12, 1834 |
| Place of death | Le Locle , Switzerland |