Mark (currency)

5 trillion mark note (1923)

Mark of the GDR , Deutsche Mark (1990)

Mark (historically also Marck ) is the name of various currencies. The name is derived from the old, original Germanic weight unit mark .

In Germany

→ Main article: German monetary history before 1871
→ Main article: German monetary history (after 1871)

In the area of today's Federal Republic of Germany there were different currencies with the name Mark .

Sundian Mark ( Stralsund and Pomerania , from 1319)
Stendaler Mark , also Stendaler (Stendalisches) silver ( Stendal )
Courantmark (Northern Germany from 1502, see Wendischer Münzverein )
Luebische Mark (ditto)
Mark Banco (book currency in Hamburg, 17th - 19th century)
Danish Marck (in Denmark)
Silbermark (e.g. Hamburg around 1550, 1 mark = 48 Witten or later 16 schillings)

After the establishment of the German Empire in 1871:

Mark (after 1918 also "Goldmark"; German Empire, 1871–1915 / 1938)
Papiermark (German Empire, German inflation 1914 to 1923 )
Rentenmark (German Empire 1923–1924/1948)
Reichsmark (German Empire 1924–1948)

In the German colonies:

New Guinea Mark

German South West Africa Mark

After the end of World War II :

Saar-Mark ( Saarland 1947)
Deutsche Mark ( Trizone 1948/1949, Federal Republic of Germany 1949–2001, 1948 "Bank Deutscher Länder", from 1957 "Deutsche Bundesbank")
Deutsche Mark (Soviet occupation zone 1948/1949, German Democratic Republic GDR 1949–1963)
Mark of the German Central Bank (GDR, 1964–1974, "German Central Bank")
Mark of the GDR (German Democratic Republic GDR 1974–1990, "State Bank of the GDR")

In Denmark

From the 15th century until the end of 1874, the mark was the currency unit of Denmark . It was divided into 16 shillings at 12 pfennigs.

In England and Scotland

In England and Scotland the mark was introduced under Alfred the Great , where it served as a mere accounting currency and coins were never minted. One mark was the equivalent of 2/3 of a pound sterling, or 13 shillings , 4 pence .

Others

Bernese Mark (Northern Italy and Tyrol 10th century to 1551)
Finnish mark (Finland 1864-2001)
Estonian mark (Estonia 1918–1927)
Polish mark (Poland 1918–1926)
Convertible Mark (Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1998)
Danish Marck ( Marck Danske, Denmark, 15th century to 1874)

After Namibia's independence , consideration was given to naming the new national currency as the mark . Ultimately, the decision was made in favor of the dollar .

The highest face value in marks that a coin has ever had is on the 1 billion mark piece of the province of Westphalia .

Individual evidence

↑ Henry Noel Humphreys : The gold, silver, and copper coins of England, exhibited in a series of fac-similes of the most interesting coins of each successive period; printed in gold, silver, and copper, accompanied by a sketch of the progress of the English coinage from the earliest period to the present time . 6th edition. HG Bohn, London 1849, LCCN 10-029951 , OCLC 8696980 , p. 33 ( online [accessed July 3, 2013]).
^ Michael Prestwich: Edward I. University of California, Berkeley 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 1, Note on Money .

literature

Marck, a coin. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 19, Leipzig 1739, column 1254.

[1] Henry Noel Humphreys : The gold, silver, and copper coins of England, exhibited in a series of fac-similes of the most interesting coins of each successive period; printed in gold, silver, and copper, accompanied by a sketch of the progress of the English coinage from the earliest period to the present time . 6th edition. HG Bohn, London 1849, LCCN 10-029951 , OCLC 8696980 , p. 33 ( online [accessed July 3, 2013]).

[2] Michael Prestwich: Edward I. University of California, Berkeley 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 1, Note on Money .