Marshall attack
Marshall attack | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Trains | 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. 0–0 Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 0–0 8. c3 d5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECO key | C89 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Named after | Frank Marshall | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oldest source | Partie Capablanca - Marshall, 1918 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Played first | 1918 |
The Marshall attack or the Marshall Gambit is an opening variant of the Spanish game in chess and goes back to the American Frank Marshall .
The Marshall attack arises from the sequence of moves
- 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. Ng1-f3 Nb8-c6 3. Bf1-b5 a7-a6 4. Bb5-a4 Ng8-f6
- 5. 0-0 Bf8-e7 6. Rf1-e1 b7-b5 7. La4-b3 0-0 8. c2-c3 d7-d5
and is classified in the ECO codes under the key C89.
history
Marshall put this opening into practice in New York in 1918 in a game against eventual world champion José Raúl Capablanca . Black sacrifices a pawn, so plays a gambit , but has good chances to attack. Although Marshall lost the game, his idea became quite popular and is still played today. Black's eighth move d7 – d5 introduces the pawn sacrifice: after capturing on d5, the e5 pawn is attacked again by the rook on e1. This victim offers Black tactical chances of attack and was analyzed in detail by Marshall beforehand .
There is extensive research and many practical games on this opening. It has been analyzed far into the middle game and sometimes even into the end game, but there are always new ideas . It is chosen by players who prefer sharp variations and are not afraid of thorough preparation.
Capablanca - Marshall, New York 1918
In the main game Capablanca - Marshall , Capablanca managed to defend himself, he won in 36 moves:
- 9. e4xd5 Nf6xd5 (9.… e4?!, The Herman Steiner variant is considered to be weaker) 10. Nf3xe5 Nc6xe5 11. Re1xe5 Nd5 – f6 12. Re5 – e1 Be7 – d6 13. h2 – h3 Nf6 – g4 14. Qd1 – f3 Qd8 – h4 15. d2 – d4 Ng4xf2 16. Re1 – e2 Bc8 – g4 17. h3xg4 Bd6 – h2 + 18. Kg1 – f1 Lh2 – g3 19. Re2xf2 Qh4 – h1 + 20. Kf1 – e2 Bg3xf2 21. Bc1– d2 Bf2 – h4 22. Qf3 – h3 Ta8 – e8 + 23. Ke2 – d3 Qh1 – f1 + 24. Kd3 – c2 Bh4 – f2 25. Qh3 – f3 Qf1 – g1 26. Bb3 – d5 c7 – c5 27. d4xc5 Bf2xc5 28. b2 – b4 Bc5 – d6 29. a2 – a4 a6 – a5 30. a4xb5 a5xb4 31. Re1 – a6 b4xc3 32. Nb1xc3 Bd6 – b4 33. b5 – b6 Bb4xc3 34. Bd2xc3 h7 – h6 35. b6 – b7 Re8 – e3 36.Bd5xf7 + 1: 0
Instead of 11.… Nd5 – f6 you usually play 11.… c7 – c6 to protect the knight on d5, after 12. d2 – d4 Be7 – d6 Black has compensation for the sacrificed pawn, so that many strong players, e.g. a. and Garry Kasparov , avoid it to get involved in this variant. In order to avoid the Marshall attack, White can e.g. B. Play 8. a2 – a4, 8. d2 – d3 or 8. h2 – h3. The systems introduced with these trains are therefore also called Anti-Marshall .
Kramnik – Lékó, Brissago 2004 (8)
a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H | ||
8th | 8th | ||||||||
7th | 7th | ||||||||
6th | 6th | ||||||||
5 | 5 | ||||||||
4th | 4th | ||||||||
3 | 3 | ||||||||
2 | 2 | ||||||||
1 | 1 | ||||||||
a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H |
a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H | ||
8th | 8th | ||||||||
7th | 7th | ||||||||
6th | 6th | ||||||||
5 | 5 | ||||||||
4th | 4th | ||||||||
3 | 3 | ||||||||
2 | 2 | ||||||||
1 | 1 | ||||||||
a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H |
The Hungarian grandmaster Péter Lékó achieved a remarkable black victory in the eighth game of the 2004 World Chess Championship against Vladimir Kramnik in Brissago . Kramnik was preparing for the opening at home until move 21, but spurned a draw by repeating the position and was already losing two moves later. Lékó, already short of thinking time, found the very strong move 25.… Qd3 !! in the position in the diagram (Diagram 1), which wins in all variants.
The position is typical of the Marshall attack: against the dangerous black offensive on the kingside , White seeks counterplay on the queenside, often using the pawn lever a2-a4 to open the line for rook a1 (a common plan against Black building up with 6 . ... b7 – b5). Kramnik even sacrificed the queen for this counterplay, in the hope of his advanced passed pawn on a6.
After 25.… Qd3 Kramnik continued with 26. Kf2 and lost after Bxf3! (a strong victim of destruction ) 27.Nxf3 Ne4 + 28. Ke1 Nxc3! (another victim of destruction) 29.bxc3 Qxc3 + 30.Kf2 Qxa1 32. a7 h6 32. h4 g4 0: 1
A very nice winning variant arises when White ignores Black's attack and gets a new queen by converting : 26. a7 Qe3 + 27. Kg2 Bxf3 + 28. Nxf3 De2 + 29. Kg1 Ng4! Black conversion allows chess bid, the new lady is on the queenside too far from the action: 30 a8 = D + Kg7 31 Dxc6 Df2 + 32. Kh1 Df 1 + 33. Sg1 f2 # A nice variant of strangled Matts (Diagram 2).
literature
- Nikolai Krogius , Anatoly Mazukewitsch: Marshall attack . Sportverlag Berlin , 1989, ISBN 3-328-00293-6 .
- Bogdan Lalic: The Marshall attack . Everyman, London 2003, ISBN 1-85744-244-X .
- David Vigorito: Understanding the Marshall Attack . Gambit Publications, London 2010, ISBN 1-906454-17-5 .
Web links
- Kramnik - Lékó to replay (Java applet)
- Caruana - Aronian, Zurich 2014 (YouTube)