Positional repetition

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The repetition of positions in a game of chess is a situation in which a position appears for the third time with the same player to move and with the same possible moves on the chessboard. At the request of the player having the move, the game ends in a draw .

The repetition of moves is a special case of repetition of positions. If both players move one piece each and move them back to the previous space in the next move, repeat this pair of moves immediately afterwards and still have the same move options, this is a move repetition. Because this creates the same position three times, it is also a repetition of the position. However, a repetition of positions can also arise from a different sequence of moves and this does not necessarily have to be every two moves. A repetition of positions also occurs when similar figures, such as two white towers, have swapped places.

For example, a leading perpetual check is usually a repetition of position - often to a repetition of moves - not as long as the players the game already draw give. Sometimes the term repetition is incorrectly equated with the term repetition of positions.

After five repetitions of the position, the game is drawn according to FIDE rule 9.6.1 without a request from a player.

Exact definition

In the rules of the World Chess Federation FIDE , a draw is defined by triple repetition of positions under 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 as follows:

"9.2.1 The game is drawn on the basis of a correct request by the player who has the move if the same position has been reached for at least the third time (not necessarily by repetition of moves)

  • Will arise once 9.2.1.1 if the player first his train, which can not be changed on his scoresheet writes and declares to the arbiter his intention to run this train, or
  • 9.2.1.2 has just been created and it is the applicant's turn.

9.2.2 Positions are only considered to be the same if it is the same player's turn, pieces of the same type and color occupy the same squares and the moves of all pieces of both players are the same. Accordingly, positions are not the same if

  • 9.2.2.1 a pawn could be captured en passant at the beginning of the sequence of moves , or
  • 9.2.2.2 a king had the right to castling with a rook that has not yet been moved but has lost it after the move. The castling right is only lost after the king or rook has moved. "

The rule for the fivefold repetition of positions is defined under 9.6.1:

"9.6 If either or both of the following situations occur, the game is drawn:

  • 9.6.1 as soon as the same position has arisen at least five times in accordance with Article 9.2.2,
  • 9.6.2 as soon as at least 75 moves have been made by each player without a pawn having moved and without a piece having been captured. If the last move mates, this has priority. "

literature

  • David Hooper and Ken Whyld: The Oxford Companion to Chess . Oxford University Press, 2nd edition 1992, ISBN 0198661649 , p. 335.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from January 1, 2018 FIDE . Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  2. a b Translation of the FIDE Laws of Chess: The FIDE - Chess Rules of the German Chess Federation . Retrieved August 26, 2020.