Mary Lyschinska

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Mary Lyschinska (actually: Lyschinski ; born November 11, 1849 in Edinburgh , † July 30, 1937 in Wolfenbüttel ) was an English kindergarten and Froebel teacher .

Live and act

Mary Josephine came from a noble Polish family who emigrated to Scotland in the 1830s because of political persecution. The father was a doctor and ran a prosperous practice in Edinburgh. From 1861 she attended the girls' boarding school in Watzum, which was founded and managed by Henriette Breymann . Then she completed a kindergarten teacher training at the Pestalozzi-Froebel-Haus in Berlin . Mary Lyschinska then moved (who changed the last letter of her family name to an a) to France, where she worked as a private tutor in a noble family, and finally to London in 1879. In the latter city she worked as an instructor for the English kindergarten system and campaigned for the spread of Froebel education. In her position of responsibility, Mary Lyschinska condemned the mechanistic teaching of toddlers between three and five years of age because it dulls the children's imagination and the rigid discipline and the large classes destroy all freedom of movement . In contrast, she emphasized the importance of children's play as an untouched sanctuary as well as the beneficial living room power of the kindergarten . For them Friedrich Froebel was the educator who recognized the peculiarity of woman's nature , namely to penetrate into the essence of the child, to cultivate and develop his first, weak expressions of life . And further:

He wanted to develop this ability, to guide the maternal instinct, to make the loving mother an understanding educator of her child, so that consistent action could develop from the uneven natural instincts, enlightened by the knowledge of the human being and especially by a loving understanding of childish development .

In 1899 Mary Lyschinska returned to Berlin and ran Karl Schrader's household . In addition, she taught u. a. Kindergarten practice at the Pestalozzi-Froebel-Haus. After the death of Karl Schrader, she lived in Wolfenbüttel. There she wrote a biography about Henriette Schrader-Breymann and lived with the Breymann family until her death.

Works

  • The kindergarten principle, its educational value and chief applications. London 1880
  • The kindergarten principle. London 1886
  • The ethical teaching of Froebel. London 1890
  • The kindergarten. In: Helene Lange / Gertrud Bäumer (eds.): Handbook of the women's movement. III. Part: The status of women's education in the cultural countries. Berlin 1902
  • Henriette Schrader-Breymann. Her life from letters and diaries, compiled and explained by Mary Lyschinska. In two volumes with 5 pictures, Berlin 1922

literature

  • Manfred Berger : Henriette Schrader-Breymann. Life and work of a pioneer in girls' education and kindergarten. Frankfurt / Main 1999, pp. 83-85
  • Manfred Berger: Women with an impact. Mary Lyschinska - pioneer of kindergarten education in England. In: Kindergartenmagazin 1998 / H. 2, p. 54

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Berger: Henriette Schrader-Breymann. 1999, p. 85
  2. ^ Lyschinska: The kindergarten. 1902, p. 130
personal data
SURNAME Lyschinska, Mary
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lyschinski, Mary
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English kindergarten and Froebel teacher
DATE OF BIRTH November 11, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Edinburgh
DATE OF DEATH July 30, 1937
Place of death Wolfenbüttel