Mediterranea inopinata

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Mediterranea inopinata
Mediterranea inopinata

Mediterranea inopinata

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Gastrodontoidea
Family : Gloss snails (Oxychilidae)
Genre : Mediterranea
Type : Mediterranea inopinata
Scientific name
Mediterranea inopinata
( Uličný , 1887)

Mediterranea inopinata (syn .: Oxychilus inopinatus and Vitrea inopinata ) is a land snail from the family of oxychilidae (Oxychilidae); this family belongs to the subordination of land snails (Stylommatophora).

features

The small, right-hand wound housing is flat-conical. It has a width (diameter) of 4 to 6 mm and a height of 2.0 to 2.9 mm. In the side view, the thread appears moderately raised. There are 4½ to 5 turns which increase moderately quickly. The end turn is about twice as wide at the mouth as the previous turn. The surface is only flat, the seam is flat. The underside is flat, the navel area is only slightly deepened. The navel is open but narrow. The mouth is, apart from the start of the previous turn, slightly flattened elliptical. When viewed from above, it appears somewhat crooked-crescent-shaped due to the strong cut of the previous turn. The mouth edge is straight and pointed except for the spindle edge. In the area of ​​the spindle edge it is briefly turned over and occasionally also somewhat thickened.

The skin is yellowish white to amber and translucent. The underside is opaque. The very shiny surface shows very fine and irregular growth stripes. The soft body is yellowish white. The sole of the foot is undivided. However, the middle part is slightly raised and colored differently. The eyes are rudimentary, only with a faint dark spot on the top of the eye wearer. The coat forms a small, tongue-shaped coat flap on the right side, which lies over the shell. The radula has 24 to 28 elements per transverse row. There are 39 to 42 transverse rows.

In the male part of the genital apparatus, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) is moderately long. It is attached to the upper edge of the penis sheath with a few strands of tissue. The spermatic duct penetrates apically into the short and thin epiphallus. The epiphallus ends subapically in a nodular thickening of the penis. The penis has a short, pointed blind sac apically to which the penile retractor muscle attaches. The penis is relatively long and thick; it only decreases slowly in diameter below the nodular thickening. The lower half is enclosed by a fabric cover. The epiphallus is less than half the length of the penis. In the female part, the free fallopian tube (oviduct) is short and thick, about the same length and as thick as the vagina. The perivaginal gland encloses the lower part of the free fallopian tube up to the stem of the spermathek (not the vagina!). The stem of the spermathec is short and thick, the bladder elongated. The stalk is barely longer than the bladder, which just reaches the base of the egg ladder (spermoviduct).

Similar species

The shell of Mediterranea inopinata is very similar to that of the narrow-forked crystal snail ( Vitrea subrimata ); it was previously placed in the genus Vitrea Fitzinger, 1833. But it has wider convolutions and becomes somewhat larger in the adult stage. The flat gloss snail ( Mediterranea depressa ) is significantly larger. The case of the Mediterranea hydatina has a higher thread and is a bit wider.

Distribution of the species in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes, 2012)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area extends from northern Greece over almost the entire Balkans to Hungary, Romania, eastern Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, southern Poland, western Ukraine and Moldova. There are also some isolated occurrences in central Poland. An occurrence in Saxony has not yet been anatomically confirmed. There may also be an incorrect determination. In southern Bulgaria the species mostly occurs between 100 and 400 m above sea level, but in some cases it rises up to 2000 m.

The animals live underground in the humus layer, under stones or at the foot of sun-exposed rocks, on dry and warm slopes with deciduous forests, but also pine forests. But it also occurs in cultivated land . It also endures prolonged drought and greater temperature fluctuations.

Way of life

The species is not carnivorous like many closely related species, but feeds on rotting parts of plants. The eyes are greatly reduced due to the underground way of life.

Taxonomy

The taxon was established by Josef Uličný in 1887 as Hyalina inopinata , a more detailed description as a new species submitted by him at the same time was only printed in 1888. Hyalina opinata Clessin, 1887 is a younger synonym of Hyalina inopinata Uličný, 1887. The species was added to the genus Vitrea Fitzinger in 1833 by Adolf Riedel in 1957 . In 1959 he transferred the taxon to the genus Oxychilus Fitzinger, 1833. In 1969 he placed the species in the subgenus Oxychilus (Riedelius) Hudec, 1961. The subgenus Oxychilus (Riedelius) Hudec, 1961 is a younger synonym of Mediterranea Clessin 1880. Welter-Schultes rejected the Sub-genera of Oxychilus and therefore lists all types of the sub-genera under Oxychilus .

In the more recent systematics, the species is now assigned to the genus Mediterranea Clessin, 1880, and this is understood as an independent genus.

Danger

According to the IUCN , the species is not endangered.

literature

  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 169.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Adolf Riedel: The subgenera Morlina AJ Wagner and Riedelius Hudec of the genus Oxychilus Fitzinger (Gastropoda, Zonitidae). Annales Zoologici, 27 (6): 91-131, Warsaw 1969, pp. 100-104.
  2. ↑ a b c d Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 384)
  3. ↑ Katrin Schniebs, Heike Reise, Ulrich Bößneck: Red List of Mollusks of Saxony. State Office for Environment and Geology, Free State of Saxony, 2006. PDF
  4. ↑ Adolf Riedel: Materials for Knowledge of the Palearctic Zonitidae (Gastropoda). V-VI. Annales Zoologici, 18 (12): 179-188, Warsaw, 1959, p. 183.
  5. ^ Josef Uličný: Devět nových měkkýšů českých. Vesmír, 16 (10): 111–112, Prague 1887.
  6. ↑ Joseph Uličný: Hyalina inopinata n.sp. Malakozoologische Blätter, New Series, 10: 112–114, Frankfurt / Main 1888 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library
  7. ^ Adolf Riedel: Revision of the zonitides of Poland (Gastropoda). Annales Zoologici, 16 (23): 362-464, Posen 1957 PDF , pp. 434-436 (as Vitrea inopinata ).
  8. ↑ AnimalBase: Oxychilus inopinatus (Uličný, 1887)
  9. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Mediterranea inopinata (Ulicny, 1887)
  10. ↑ MolluscaBase: Mediterranea inopinata (Uličný, 1887)
  11. ↑ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mediterranea inopinata