Narrow-forked crystal snail

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Narrow-forked crystal snail
Narrow-forked crystal snail (Vitrea subrimata)

Narrow-forked crystal snail ( Vitrea subrimata )

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Zonitoidea
Family : Crystal snails (Pristilomatidae)
Genre : Vitrea
Type : Narrow-forked crystal snail
Scientific name
Vitrea subrimata
( Reinhardt , 1871)

The narrow-forked crystal snail ( Vitrea subrimata ) is a snail native to Central Europe - a type of crystal snail (Pristilomatidae) in the suborder of the land snail (Stylommatophora).

features

The right-hand winding, quite small case is very flat-conical. The thread is hardly raised in the side view. It becomes 2.5 to 5 mm wide and 1.3 to 2.2 mm high. In the adult stage, 4 to 5 turns are formed, which increase slowly and evenly. The last turn is 1.2 to 1.7 times the penultimate turn (seen from above). The mouth is slightly inclined to the axis of the coil. In the front view, the turn is severely cut off by the previous turn. Apart from that, the mouth is only slightly transversely elliptical, the section of the previous bend is oblique-crescent-shaped. The mouth edge is straight and ends sharply. A thickening of the mouth seam is usually missing. The navel is very narrow but open. The spindle edge is pointed and protrudes slightly. In living animals and very fresh dead cases, the navel is often covered with a conchiolin skin.

The shell is colorless and translucent. There are weak growth streaks. The surface is very shiny.

In the male tract of the hermaphroditic reproductive system, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) is very short. It penetrates apically into the moderately long, thick penis. The penile retractor muscle also attaches apically to the penis. The penis contains two to three thorn-shaped stimulators. In the female part the free fallopian tube (oviduct) is very short, the vagina very long; it can be as long or even longer than the penis. In the upper part it is enclosed by the perivaginal gland. The spermathec is rudimentary and only a small worm-shaped appendix. The penis and vagina open into a short atrium.

Similar species

The navel of the ungaveled crystal snail ( Vitrea diaphana ) is completely closed. The case is larger and more tightly wound. The Transylvanian crystal snail ( Vitrea transsylvanica ) is also unabelled, but the coils are a little wider and the edge of the mouth is curved forward dorsally. The wide-naveled crystal snail ( Vitrea contracta ) has a much wider navel.

Distribution of the species in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area extends mainly over the Alps, the Apennine peninsula, the Carpathian Arc, the western Balkans to western Greece. The species is also found in Sardinia and Corsica , as well as in North Africa. Outside of this main distribution area there are isolated occurrences in Germany, eastern France, England, as well as in Poland, western Ukraine and Bulgaria.

The species prefers in the leaf litter of moist mountain forests, between rocks and scree. In Switzerland (Bernese Alps) it rises up to 2600 m above sea level, in Bulgaria up to 2000 m. In England it lives in more open habitats at altitudes between 250 and 600 m.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described by Otto Reinhardt in 1820 as Hyalina subrimata . Adolf Riedel still regarded it as a variety of the ungabeled crystal snail ( Vitrea diaphana ) in 1957 . As early as 1970, however, he regarded them as an independent species. Today the taxon is generally recognized as an independent species. Occasionally it is also placed in the sub-genus Vitrea (Subrimata) A. Wagner, 1907, of which it is a type species.

Danger

According to Vollrath Wiese, the species is endangered in Germany. It is also classified as endangered in the Saxon Red List of Mollusks. In Austria, however, it is not endangered.

literature

  • Malcolm P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Parey-Verlag, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , 384 pages, p. 163.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and fresh water mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 122.
  2. ↑ a b Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 10 Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1307-1488, Moscow 2003, ISSN  0136-0027 , p. 1395.
  3. ^ Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 4 Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafam: Arionacea, Zonitacea, Ariophantacea şi Helicacea. 564 S., Bucharest 1983, pp. 104-106.
  4. ↑ Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 368)
  5. ↑ Otto Reinhardt: About the hyalines from the Crystallina group occurring in Germany. Meeting reports of the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in Berlin, 2: 39–40, Berlin 1871 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 39/40.
  6. ^ Adolf Riedel: Revision of the zonitides of Poland (Gastropoda). Annales Zoologici, 16 (23): 362-464, Posen 1957 PDF , pp. 431-433, Vitrea diaphana var. Subrimata .
  7. ^ Adolf Riedel: Contribution to the knowledge of the Zonitidae (Gastropoda) of the French Pyrenees. Annales Zologici, 15: (21): 379-399, Posen 1970 PDF
  8. ↑ Vitrea subrimata (Reinhardt, 1871)
  9. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Vitrea subrimata (Reinhardt, 1871)
  10. ^ Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Molluscs. Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), 287 pages, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , page 174.
  11. ↑ MolluscaBase: Vitrea subrimata (Reinhardt, 1871)
  12. ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 196)
  13. ↑ Katrin Schniebs, Heike Reise, Ulrich Bößneck: Red List of Mollusks of Saxony. State Office for Environment and Geology, Free State of Saxony, 2006. PDF
  14. ↑ R. Travnitzky, RA Patzner: contribution to the mollusc fauna (gastropods and bivalves) the province of Salzburg, Austria with special emphasis on the Vertigo species. In: Linz Biological Contributions. 41st year, issue 2, Linz 2009, p. 2043 (full article, p. 2039–2050, PDF on ZOBODAT ).