Gloss snails

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Gloss snails
Great gloss snail (Oxychilus draparnaudi)

Great gloss snail ( Oxychilus draparnaudi )

Systematics
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Gastrodontoidea
Family : Gloss snails
Scientific name
Oxychilidae
Hesse , 1927

The glossy snails (Oxychilidae) are a family (or subfamily) from the suborder of the land snails (Stylommatophora). There are around 75 species in Europe.

features

The right-hand wound housings are more or less flattened-conical and in adulthood reach a diameter of 2.7 to 31 mm. Most of the 4 to 7 turns increase evenly. Only the last quarter of the end turn can be somewhat expanded and / or lowered. The mouth is rounded to elliptical. The mouth edge is usually straight and tapered sharply. The navel is wide to needle-shaped.

The shell is thin, e.g. Sometimes also translucent and colorless to red-brown. The ornamentation is mostly limited to growing strips and, more rarely, spiral strips. The sole of the foot is divided into three parts.

The penis and epiphallus are always present in the hermaphroditic sexual apparatus. In some groups, a caecum is present in the penile loop. The penile retractor muscle attaches either to the caecum, to the penis near the transition to the epiphallus, or to the epiphallus. The perivaginal gland is usually well developed, it can be located on the vagina or on the fallopian tube. The sperm library is generally present and not reduced. The base of the stem of the spermathec is often greatly thickened. The stalk can be quite short and not reach the protein gland, but it can also be very long and the bladder is level with the albumin gland.

Geographical distribution and way of life

The distribution of the family is Palearctic ; only one genus occurs on the Arabian Peninsula . Many species are predatory on worms and other smaller snail species, or on carrion.

Taxonomy

The taxon was proposed by Paul Hesse in 1927 . The systematic position and also the nomenclature of this family is still very controversial. Bernd Hausdorf introduced them to the Gastrodontidae family in 1998 as a subfamily. Bouchet and Rocroi (2005) upgraded them to a family again and placed them in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea. MolluscaBase and Fauna Europaea also follow this idea. Schileyko (2003) and Fechter and Falkner (1990), on the other hand, consider them to be a subfamily within the family of the giant slugs (Zonitidae). Older studies even list the Oxychilidae as a synonym for the Zonitidae. The division of the family is also not yet stable. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) and subsequently Fauna Europaea and the MolluscaBase lead as subfamilies of the Oxychilidae, the Daudebardiinae Kobelt, 1906, the Godwiniinae Cooke, 1921, the Nastiinae A. Riedel, 1989, the Oxychilinae P. Hesse, 1927 and the Selenochlamydinae IM Likharev & Wiktor, 1980, but this does not apply due to the priority. If these groups should really be united in one family, this family should be called Daudebardiidae Kobelt, 1906. Schileyko (2003) knows only one subfamily Oxychilinae, which he places in the family Zonitidae Mörch, 1864 together with the subfamilies Pristilomatinae Cockerell, 1891, Godwiniinae Cooke, 1921 and Zonitinae Mörch, 1864. He placed the family Zonitidae in the superfamily Zonitoidea. Due to the great differences in the system, Vollrath Wiese is followed here, who placed the genus Aegopinella Lindholm in the family Oxychilidae in 1927, without dividing this family into subfamilies.

Not all of the listed genres are generally recognized.

literature

  • Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knore: Common names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105–156, Dresden 2008, ISSN  1864-5127 , S. ( online , PDF file)
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Parey, Hamburg, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 .
  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 10 Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1307-1488, Moscow 2003, ISSN  0136-0027

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paul Hesse in David Geyer: Our land and fresh water mollusks. 3rd edition, KG Lutz Verlag, Stuttgart, 1927, p. 47.
  2. ↑ Fauna Europaea
  3. ↑ MolluscaBase: Oxychilidae Hesse, 1927 (1879)
  4. ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 175)
  5. ↑ Katrin Schniebs, Heike Reise, Ulrich Bößneck: Red List of Mollusks of Saxony. State Office for Environment and Geology, Free State of Saxony, 2006. PDF