Smooth gloss snail

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Smooth gloss snail
Smooth gloss snail (Morlina glabra)

Smooth gloss snail ( Morlina glabra )

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Zonitoidea
Family : Gloss snails (Oxychilidae)
Genre : Morlina
Type : Smooth gloss snail
Scientific name
Morlina glabra
( Roßäßler , 1835)
View of the estuary
Original illustration by Rössmässler (1838: Plate 39, Fig. 528)

The smooth gloss snail ( Morlina glabra , syn .: Oxychilus glaber ) is a snail native to Central Europe - a species of the gloss snail (Oxychilidae) in the subordination of the land snail (Stylommatophora).

features

The right-hand wound housing is strongly flattened-conical, the apex is arched. It is 12 to 18 mm wide and 5.5 to 9 mm high. It has 5 to 5½ slowly and evenly increasing turns, only slightly arched on the top. The turns are well arched at the periphery and also slightly shouldered on the end turn. The flattened-elliptical mouth is not enlarged. The mouth rim is thin and straight. The symmetrical navel is deep and narrow; it takes about 1/12 of the diameter.

The skin is thin and translucent, reddish-brown or brownish-yellow in color on the upper side, with white spots on the underside. The top is very shiny and has fine, smooth radial wrinkles.

The soft body of the animal is colored dark blue-gray. The upper tentacles are very long. A mantle flap covers the navel. In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) is very short. It penetrates apically into the epiphallus, which initially swells slightly and then becomes thinner again towards the penis. The epiphallus penetrates the side of the penis, which has a long blind sac (caecum or flagellum). The uppermost part of the penis is constricted, the longer lower part is thickly swollen. The penile retractor muscle attaches apically to the blind sac. In the lower part, the penis is enclosed by a tissue cover. The epiphallus and penis are roughly the same length. The inside of the penis has a large pilaster structure that merges into a two-pointed stimulator. In the female tract, the free fallopian tube is very short and the vagina is very long. The upper part of the vagina is enclosed by the perivaginal gland. The atrium into which the vagina and penis open is very short. The stem of the spermathec is moderately long, the bladder is elongated.

Distribution of the species in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area extends from central Spain via Catalonia , southern France and the Alps to the Carpathians, the Balkans to Greece and western Turkey (European part). There are isolated occurrences in northwestern Spain and Portugal, on Gotland (Sweden) and southern Italy ( Basilicata , Calabria , Sicily ). In Germany there are deposits on the Upper Rhine, in the Berchtesgaden Alps , in the Franconian Jura , in the Thuringian Forest and in southern Saxony ( Ore Mountains ).

The smooth gloss snail prefers moist habitats in the leaf litter of forests, under mossy rocks and scree on valley slopes, also under dead wood in higher elevations of the low mountain ranges and mountains. In Switzerland ( Valais ) the species rises to 1,850 m above sea level, in Bulgaria up to 1,900 m.

Way of life

The smooth gloss snail feeds on fresh and withered parts of plants, but also on living and dead animals. It actively hunts small (re) snails of the genera Succinea , Cepaea and Arianta , of the latter two only juveniles. She approaches the potential victim from behind or from the side. The victim usually retreats into the enclosure and secretes mucus. This does not prevent the glossy snail from following the soft body into the shell and eating the victim alive. The top of the case is kept clean by leaking. The spherical eggs are quite large with 2 mm in diameter and have a lime shell.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first briefly described in 1835 by Emil Adolf Roßäßler as Helix glabra . A little later he described the species in more detail and depicted it. The taxon is generally recognized, but the genus is disputed. While the older works by Bogon (1990) and Fechter & Falkner (1990) as well as Welter-Schultes (2012) represent the conservative position of the species in the genus Oxychilus , Kerney et al. (1983) and Riedel (1969) a subdivision of the genus Oxychilus into sub-genera; the species is placed as Oxychilus (Morlina) glaber in the subgenus Morlina Wagner. In most of the more recent works, Morlina is treated as an independent genus. There are currently six subspecies:

  • Morlina glabra ercica (Benoit, 1859), southern Italy
  • Morlina glabra glabra (Rossmässler, 1835), Alps, Germany, eastern and southern France, in the east to Styria
  • Morlina glabra harlei (Fagot, 1884), Catalonia, Spanish and French Eastern Pyrenees
  • Morlina glabra nitidissima (Mousson, 1859), Albania, Macedonia, Greece
  • Morlina glabra striaria (Westerlund, 1881), from Styria, southern Poland, the Balkans to Bulgaria and Macedonia

Danger

The species is threatened with extinction in Germany. The species is endangered in Austria, as well as in Saxony. The species is not endangered in terms of its total distribution area. It is one of the most common species in the Carpathian Mountains.

literature

  • Adolf Riedel: The subgenera Morlina AJ Wagner and Riedelius Hudec of the genus Oxychilus Fitzinger (Gastropoda, Zonitidae). Annales Zoologici, 27 (6): 91-130, 1969 PDF

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Emil Adolf Roßäßler: Iconography of the land and freshwater mollusks, with special consideration of the European species not yet shown. 2nd volume. Issue 7/8: 1–44, issue 9/10: 1–66, issue 11: 1–15, issue 12: 1–37, plates 31–60, Arnold, Dresden & Leipzig, 1838-44. Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 36, plate 8, fig . 522-540 .
  2. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and fresh water mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 123.
  3. ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 10 Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1307-1488, Moscow 2003, ISSN  0136-0027
  4. ↑ Igor Balashov: Terrestrial Mollusks (Gastropoda) of the Slovechansko-Ovrutsky Ridge (Zhytomyr region northern, Ukraine). Vestnik zoologii, 46 (6): e-9-e-15, 2012 doi : 10.2478 / v10058-012-0042-9 PDF
  5. ^ Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 4 Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafam: Arionacea, Zonitacea, Ariophantacea şi Helicacea. 564 S., Bucharest 1983, pp. 131-133.
  6. ↑ a b c d Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 401)
  7. ^ A b c Klaus Bogon: Landschnecken biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , p. 210/11.
  8. ^ Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. 404 S., Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, 1954, pp. 88-89.
  9. ^ A b Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), 287 pp., ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 182.
  10. ^ Emil Adolf Roßmaessler: Iconography of the land and freshwater mollusks, with special consideration of the European species not yet shown. First volume. Booklet 1: I-VI (= 1–6), 1–132, Booklet 2: 1–26, Booklet 3: 1–33, Booklet 4: 1–27, Booklet 5–6: 1–70, plate 1 -30. Arnold, Dresden & Leipzig, 1835–1837 Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 71.
  11. ↑ Oxychilus glaber (Rossmässler, 1835)
  12. ^ MP Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: Die Landschnecken Northern and Central Europe . Parey-Verlag, Hamburg and Berlin 1983, 384 pp., ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 172 (as Oxychilus (Morlina) glaber )
  13. ↑ Morlina glabra (Rossmassler, 1835)
  14. ↑ MolluscaBase: Morlina glabra (Rossmässler, 1835)
  15. ↑ a b Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 188)
  16. ↑ Katrin Schniebs, Heike Reise, Ulrich Bößneck: Red List of Mollusks of Saxony. State Office for Environment and Geology, Free State of Saxony, 2006. PDF
  17. ↑ IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Morlina glabra