Brown striped snail

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Brown striped snail
Brown striped snail (Perpolita hammonis)

Brown striped snail ( Perpolita hammonis )

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Gastrodontoidea
Family : Gloss snails (Oxychilidae)
Genre : Perpolita
Type : Brown striped snail
Scientific name
Perpolita hammonis
( Strøm , 1765)

The brown stripe glass snail ( Perpolita hammonis ) (Syn: Nesovitrea hammonis ), even strip-glass snail or strip glass snail called, is a native in Central Europe worm kind of oxychilidae (Oxychilidae) in the subordination of terrestrial snails (gastropod).

features

The right-hand wound, flat-cone-shaped housing has a diameter (width) of 3.6 to 4.1 mm and a height of 1.9 to 2.1 mm in the adult stage. It has three to three and a half (up to four) rapidly increasing turns with a rounded periphery. The turns are only slightly rounded at the top and only set apart from one another by a weak seam. The last passage is significantly expanded just before the elliptical mouth. The navel is open, moderately wide and moderately deep, and is not exactly in the middle in the last encounter. The edge of the mouth is thin, straight and has only a very weak lip.

The housing is translucent, usually slightly brownish-reddish or with a greenish tinge, or colorless. The surface of the upper side is shiny and shows fine, regular ribs, about 9 to 14 ribs per millimeter. The underside is smooth.

The body of the animal is blue-black to light gray. The back and the tentacles are always darker or almost black if the animal is already dark. The body often becomes lighter towards the sole. The foot is narrow, the sole is gray with black stripes on the edge. There are often black corners on the sides. In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) is very short and penetrates the very short and thin penis at the side of the apex. One epiphallus is missing. The penile retractor muscle attaches to the apex. In the female tract of the genital apparatus, free fallopian tubes (oviduct) and vagina are about the same length. The stem of the spermathec is moderately long. The bladder is elongated and is embedded in the tissue of the egg duct (spermoviduct). The atrium into which the vagina and penis flow is comparatively very long.

Similar species

The shell of the brown streaked snail is flatter compared to the white streaked snail, the striations on the top are more regular. The umbilicus is eccentric, in the case of the white striped snail it is more in the middle.

Distribution of the species in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The striped gloss snail is widespread in the Palearctic , but without the south of the Mediterranean peninsulas; on the Balkan Peninsula to southern Bulgaria, in Eastern Europe to the Caucasus. In the north, the distribution area extends to or even beyond the Arctic Circle.

The animals live in the leaf litter of moist to moderately dry coniferous and deciduous forests, especially on the slightly acidic soils of beech forests. However, it occurs, albeit much less often, in open biotopes such as the edges of swamp and wetlands or lakes, and on sunny, dry meadows. It is widespread in the area and usually common; in the somewhat drier areas of the plains, however, it is less common and scattered. In Switzerland it rises to 2,400 m above sea level, but it is rare above 1,500 m. In Bulgaria they have been found up to an altitude of 1,500 m.

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Hans Strøm in 1765 under the original name Helix Hammonis . The type locality is Norway. The species was long listed in the literature in the combination Perpolita hammonis . Perpolita Baker was later treated as a synonym of Nesovitrea Cooke in 1928 or as a subgenus of Nesovitrea . The type species of Nesovitrea Cooke, 1921 is Helix pauxilla Gould, 1854 from Hawaii .

According to Schileyko (2003) the four (or only three?) Hawaiian species ( Nesovitrea pauxilla (Gould, 1846), Nesovitrea hawaiiensis (Ancey, 1904), Nesovitrea molokaiensis (Sykes, 1897) and Nesovitrea lanaiensis (Sykes, 1900)) form one own notebook. The name Nesovitrea can therefore not be used for the Holarctic species that were previously assigned to Nesovitrea . They are placed by him in an independent genus Perpolita Baker, 1928. According to the more recent studies by de Winter et al. (2016) and following Harzhauser & Neubauer (2018), Perpolita is an independent genre. According to the first mitochondrial COI data in BOLD (Barcode of Life Data System), the two Central European species even form their own clade, for which a new genus might even have to be created.

According to Schileyko (2003), the type species from Nesovitrea Cooke, 1921, Nesovitrea pauxilla and Perpolita electrina (and also Perpolita petronella ) also differ quite clearly in the genital apparatus. So has Nesovitrea pauxilla at the apical part of the penis on which the Penisretraktormuskel attaches a blind sac (cecum). There is no epiphallus, the spermatic duct penetrates the penis laterally (at the junction between penis and caecum) The penis does not show any regular structures internally. In Perpolita petronella , on the other hand, there is a short but indistinctly separated epiphallus. The seminal duct penetrates the penis apically and there is no blind sac. The penile retractor muscle also starts almost apically, slightly below the spermatic duct. Perpolita electrina also shows this relationship . Internally, the penis of Perpolita petronella and Perpolita electrina shows irregular, elongated folds, which are interrupted about a third of the length (from the apex) by a series of elliptical, suction cup-like thickenings.

Therefore, contrary to Vollrath Wiese, who places the species in Nesovitrea , and following the MolluscaBase, the generic name Perpolita is used. More recent synonyms are Helix radiatula Alder, 1830 and Helix viridula Menke, 1830.

Danger

The brown striped snail is not endangered in Germany.

literature

  • David Geyer: Our land and freshwater mollusks . 3rd edition, 262 p., G. Lutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1927, p. 62 (as Zonitoides hammonis )
  • MP Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe . Parey-Verlag, Hamburg and Berlin 1983, 384 pp., ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 168.
  • Adolf Riedel: Zonitidae (excl. Daudebardiinae) of the Caucasus countries (Gastropoda). Annales Zoologici, 24 (1): 1-303, Warsaw, 1966 PDF ( Nesovitrea (Perpolita) hammonis , p. 72/73).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and fresh water mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 123.
  2. ↑ a b Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , p. 200/01.
  3. ^ Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Molluscs. Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), 287 pp., ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 178.
  4. ↑ MolluscIreland: Nesovitrea (Perpolita) hammonis (Ström 1765) Rayed glass snail
  5. ^ Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 4 Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafam: Arionacea, Zonitacea, Ariophantacea şi Helicacea. 564 pp., Bucharest 1983, pp. 122/23.
  6. ↑ Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 401)
  7. ↑ Hans Strøm: Description of Norske insecter, første stykke. Det Trondhiemske Selskabs Skrifter, 3: 376-439, Tab. VI, Copenhagen 1765. Online at SUB Göttingen (description of "Helix" hammonis p. 435/6, ​​Taf. 6, Fig. 16)
  8. ↑ Nesovitrea hammonis (Strøm, 1765)
  9. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Nesovitrea (Perpolita) hammonis (Ström, 1765)
  10. ^ A b A. J. de Winter, A. van Leeuwen, A. Hovestadt: A new species of Glyphyalus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Oxychilidae) from the Dutch Caribbean island of St. Eustatius. Basteria, 80: 39-46, 2016 ResearchGate .
  11. ^ Mathias Neubauer, Thomas A. Neubauer: Opole (Poland) - a ley locality for middle Miocene terrestrial mollusc faunas. Bulletin of Geosciences 93 (1): 71-146, 2018 doi : 10.3140 / bull.geosci.1692
  12. ↑ Horace Burrington Baker: Minute American Zonitidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 80: 1-44, Philadelphie, 1928 JSTOR
  13. ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 10 Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1307-1488, Moscow 2003, ISSN  0136-0027
  14. ↑ MolluscaBase: Perpolita hammonis (Strøm, 1765)
  15. ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 180)