White striped snail

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White striped snail
White striped snail (Perpolita petronella)

White striped snail ( Perpolita petronella )

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Zonitoidea
Family : Gloss snails (Oxychilidae)
Genre : Perpolita
Type : White striped snail
Scientific name
Perpolita petronella
( L. Pfeiffer , 1853)

The white striped gloss snail ( Perpolita petronella , syn .: Nesovitrea petronella ), also white striped gloss snail is a species of glossy snail (Oxychilidae) native to Central Europe in the suborder of land snails (Stylommatophora)

features

The right-hand winding case is low-tapered. It reaches a width of 4.2 to 5 mm and a height of 2 to 2.5 mm. In the adult stage it has 3½ to 4½ turns, which increase rapidly and regularly and are separated from each other by a flat seam. The final quarter of the last turn is only moderately enlarged. In the apical view, the last passage is relatively narrow. The turns are well arched at the top and bottom. The mouth is therefore rounded, apart from the incision through the previous turn. The mouth rim is thickened and tapers sharply. The navel is wide and deep and quickly narrows inward.

The skin is thin and translucent glassy. It is usually colorless to slightly yellowish, often with a greenish tinge. The upper side shows strong, rib-like reinforced growth lines at regular intervals. However, on the last turn they become increasingly irregular.

In the hermaphroditic genital apparatus of Perpolita petronella , the spermatic duct is very short. The spermatic duct penetrates the epiphallus apically. However, this is only indistinctly set off and there is no blind bag. The penile retractor muscle begins almost apically, slightly below the spermatic duct. Internally, the penis shows irregular, elongated folds, which are interrupted about a third of the length (from the apex) by a series of elliptical, suction cup-like thickenings. The free fallopian tube is very short and the vagina is moderately long and swollen. It is enclosed by the perivaginal gland almost over its entire length. The penis and vagina form a very short atrium. The stem of the spermathec is very short, the bladder elongated. She leans against the egg ladder.

Similar species

The shell of the white streaked snail is very similar to that of the brown streaked snail ( Perpolita hammonis ), but it is larger. The end turn is narrower and the thread is higher. As a result, the end turn is significantly narrower in the apical view and the mouth is rounded. The navel is a little narrower and is not eccentric. The casing is colorless or slightly greenish, not brown. The growth stripes are somewhat more irregular and less distinct on the end turn.

Distribution of the species in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area extends from the western and northern Alps and a line Slovakia, and northern Ukraine to the north (to the Arctic Circle). In Germany the occurrences are very scattered. Further in the east it extends to Siberia, the Far East and North Korea.

The species prefers cool and moist habitats in mountain forests and mountain meadows with rocks and swampy areas. At lower altitudes, the species occurs in cooler forests in ravines. In Switzerland it occurs at altitudes between 1000 and 2700 m above sea level, mainly between 1600 and 2100 m. The species also tolerates lime-free or lime-poor soils. The species prefers cooler and more humid habitats than the closely related brown striped snail ( Perpolita hammonis ).

Taxonomy

The taxon was set up by Ludwig Georg Karl Pfeiffer as Helix petronella . However, he wrote the name Johann von Charpentier , who apparently gave him the name orally or in writing. Charpentier's involvement is not evident, so the name must be attributed to Ludwig Pfeiffer. The taxon has gained widespread recognition, but its genus is controversial. It was treated as a separate genus, as a subgenus of Nesovitrea Cooke, 1921 or as a synonym of Nesovitrea .

According to Schileyko (2003) the genital apparatus of the type species from Nesovitrea , Nesovitrea pauxilla (Gould, 1854) from Hawaii and the type species from Perpolita Baker, 1928 differ in some details. He therefore limited the genus Nesovitrea Cooke, 1921 to the three or four species of the genus Nesovitrea on the Hawaiian Islands. He assigns the Palearctic species to the genus Perpolita Baker, 1928. The MolluscaBase follows this opinion. Initial molecular genetic studies also support this idea. Therefore, contrary to Vollrath Wiese and Francisco Welter-Schultes, the MolluscaBase and de Winter et al. following, placed in the genus Perpolita .

Danger

The white striped snail is endangered in Germany. On the Red List of Saxony's Mollusks, however, it is “only” classified as endangered. It is very rare in large parts of the distribution area and only common in the Alps and Scandinavia. It is sensitive to acid rain.

literature

  • Adolf Riedel: Zonitidae (excl. Daudebardiinae) of the Caucasus countries (Gastropoda). Annales Zoologici, 24 (1): 1-303, Warsaw, 1966 PDF ( Nesovitrea (Perpolita) petronella , pp. 68-71).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and fresh water mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 123.
  2. ↑ a b Katrin Schniebs, Heike Reise, Ulrich Bößneck: Red List of Mollusks of Saxony. State Office for Environment and Geology, Free State of Saxony, 2006. PDF
  3. ↑ Horace Burrington Baker: Minute American Zonitidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 80: 1-44, Philadelphie, 1928 JSTOR
  4. ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 10 Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1307-1488, Moscow 2003, ISSN  0136-0027
  5. ↑ a b c Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 401)
  6. ^ Ludwig Georg Karl Pfeiffer: Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Volume tertium. S. I-VIII (= 1-8), 1-711, Brockhaus, Lipsiae / Leipzig, 1853 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 95.
  7. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Nesovitrea (Perpolita) petronella (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
  8. ^ MP Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: Die Landschnecken Northern and Central Europe . Parey-Verlag, Hamburg and Berlin 1983, 384 pp., ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 168.
  9. ^ A b A. J. de Winter, A. van Leeuwen, A. Hovestadt: A new species of Glyphyalus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Oxychilidae) from the Dutch Caribbean island of St. Eustatius. Basteria, 80: 39-46, 2016 ResearchGate .
  10. ^ Mathias Neubauer, Thomas A. Neubauer: Opole (Poland) - a ley locality for middle Miocene terrestrial mollusc faunas. Bulletin of Geosciences 93 (1): 71-146, 2018 doi : 10.3140 / bull.geosci.1692
  11. ↑ a b Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 p., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 181)
  12. ↑ Nesovitrea petronella (Pfeiffer, 1853)
  13. ↑ MolluscaBase: Perpolita petronella (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)