Swiss gloss snail

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Swiss gloss snail
Swiss gloss snail (Oxychilus navarricus)

Swiss gloss snail ( Oxychilus navarricus )

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Zonitoidea
Family : Gloss snails (Oxychilidae)
Genre : Oxychilus
Type : Swiss gloss snail
Scientific name
Oxychilus navarricus
( Bourguignat , 1870)

The Swiss gloss snail ( Oxychilus navarricus , syn .: Oxychilus helveticus ) is a snail native to Central and Western Europe - a species of the gloss snail (Oxychilidae) in the suborder of the land snail (Stylommatophora).

features

The right-hand winding, quite small case is flattened-conical, the thread is only slightly raised in the side view. The width is 8 to 10 mm, the height 4.5 to 6 mm. In the adult stage it has 4½ to 6, on the upper side barely arched turns, which increase regularly. The seam is very flat. At the periphery, the turns are well rounded to very weakly shouldered. The last turn is only about 1.5 times as wide (or even a little less) than the previous turn. The turns are well rounded on the underside. The navel is narrow and only one seventh to one eighth of the diameter. The mouth is transversely elliptical in a direct plan view, apart from the section through the previous turn. The mouth edge is straight and pointed. The surface of the mouth is slightly inclined to the coil axis.

The skin is brownish-yellow in color and translucent. Around the navel it is milky white and opaque. The surface of the case is very shiny and almost smooth, apart from very fine strips of growth

The soft body is bluish-gray. The sides of the animal often have fine, darker vertical stripes. The edge of the coat is deep black and visible as a black band through the housing (when the animal has withdrawn into the housing). If you touch the soft body of this species, you can smell a faint garlic smell.

In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) is very shortly before it joins the epiphallus. The epiphallus is essentially loosely attached to the penis. At the point of entry of the spermatic duct into the epiphallus, the epiphallus is connected to the penis by a tissue covering. The penis is somewhat variable in length and moderately thick. At the apical end it has a blind sac (caecum, mostly called flagellum in this group). The penile retractor muscle attaches apically to this blind sac. The epiphallus penetrates the penis laterally below the apical end of the penis (plus blind sac). The penis is surrounded at the lower end by a penis sheath, which is slightly different in length; it can cover up to about half of the proximal part of the penis. Seven or more longitudinal folds are formed inside the penis. The longitudinal folds are straight or longitudinally corrugated and can be connected to one another with lateral extensions. In the female tract, free fallopian tubes (oviduct) and vagina are somewhat the same length. The perivaginal gland envelops the upper part of the vagina and the lower part of the free fallopian tube, as well as the lower part of the stem of the spermathec. The comparatively thick stalk of the spermathec is moderately long, the bladder egg-shaped or pear-shaped. It does not reach the albumin gland. The penis and vagina open into a very short atrium.

Similar species

The shell is on average slightly larger than that of the cellar snail ( Oxychilus cellarius ), the navel is narrower. The garlic smell that the animal gives off when touched is said to be weaker than that of the garlic snail ( Oxychilus alliarius ), which got its name from this intense smell.

Distribution of the species in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area extends from the Netherlands in the north to northern Spain in the south, in the west from northeast France, over Switzerland, southern Germany to Austria. It is believed that the species was introduced to the British Isles several hundred years ago, where it is currently expanding in both England and Ireland . There are also some occurrences in Scotland . It was found in Norway in 2002 , probably also anthropogenic . In Malta she is also likely to be a neozoon . In Germany, the species has so far only been safely proven in Rhineland-Palatinate . Older evidence in the Upper Rhine area could no longer be confirmed in recent times.

The species prefers moist, shady locations in deciduous forests and rows of hedges between rocks under moss, also in ravines, at springs and in cave entrances. In Switzerland, it occurs mainly at altitudes between 700 m and 2400 m above sea level. In the British Isles it also populates old quarries, roadsides and deposits of rock debris, i.e. habitats influenced or created by humans.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described in 1870 by Jules René Bourguignat as Zonites navarricus . The species was mainly described under the younger synonym Oxychilus helveticus . This was first identified in 1881 by J. Blum as Hyalina (Polita) helvetica Blum, 1881 Another synonym is Hyalinia alliaria cantabrica Westerlund, 1883. However, it was mostly placed as a subspecies of Oxychilus helveticus . In 2002 Falkner et al. states that this subspecies is identical to Zonites navarricus and must now be called Oxychilus navarricus cantabricus . However, the subspecies is not generally accepted. Francisco Welter-Schultes, Vollrath Wiese and Falco Giusti & Giuseppe Manganelli do not use them in their work. The MolluscaBase allows this structure as an alternate representation .

Danger

The species is extremely rare in Germany. It is threatened with extinction in Rhineland-Palatinate. However, according to the IUCN's assessment, the species is not endangered across the entire range.

literature

  • MP Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe . Parey-Verlag, Hamburg and Berlin 1983, 384 pp., ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 172 (as Oxychilus (Ortizius) helveticus )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and fresh water mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 123.
  2. ^ Adolf Riedel: On the knowledge of the Zonitidae (Gastropoda) Spain . Annales Zoologici, 29 (5): 115-145, 1972 PDF
  3. ↑ a b Falco Giusti, Giuseppe Manganelli: Redescription of two west European Oxychilus species: O. Alliarius (Miller, 1822) and O. Helveticus (Blum, 1881), and notes on the systematics of, Oxychilus Fitzinger, 1833 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata : Zonitidae). Journal of Conchology, 37 (5): 455-476, 2002 PDF (ResearchGate)
  4. ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 10 Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1307–1488, Moscow 2003, ISSN  0136-0027 , p. 1444. ( Oxychilus (Ortizius) helveticus )
  5. ↑ a b c d Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 388)
  6. ↑ A. Boesfeld, AJ de Winter: Oxychilus (Ortizius) navarricus helveticus (Blum, 1881), een nieuwe landslak voor de Nederlandse fauna (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Zonitidae). Basteria, 68 (1-3): 1-6, 2004 PDF
  7. ↑ KM Olsen: Lansnegler i Norge - en oppsummering og en presentasjon av tre nye arter, Oxychilus navarricus (Bourguignat, 1870), Lucilla singleyana (Pilsbry, 1890) and Hawaiia minuscula (Binney, 1840). Fauna (Oslo): 55 (2): 66-77, 2002.
  8. ^ Constantine Mifsud, Paul Sammut, Charles Cachia: On some alien terrestrial and freshwater gastropods (Mollusca) from Malta. The Central Mediterranean Naturalist, 4 (1): 35-40, 2003 abstract
  9. ↑ a b c Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 p., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 183)
  10. ↑ Jules René Bourguignat: Mollusques nouveaux, litigieux ou peu connus. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée et de Sériciculture Comparée (2) 22: 14-30, 87-97, 166-171, Paris, 1870 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 20.
  11. ↑ Blum, J. 1881. Schnecken vom Weissenstein near Solothurn. - Bulletin of the German Malacoological Society 13 (10): 138-141. Frankfurt am Main 1881 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 141.
  12. ^ Gerhard Falkner, TEJ Ripken, Margit Falkner: Mollusques continentaux de France. List of references and bibliography. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 52: 1-350, Paris 2002, pp. 124/25.
  13. ↑ MolluscaBase: Oxychilus navarricus (Bourguignat, 1870)
  14. ↑ Oxychilus navarricus (Bourguignat, 1870)
  15. ↑ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Oxychilus navarricus