Mikado (locomotive)

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41 1144-9, a Mikado from Germany

Mikado is also in Europe common old North American term for steam locomotives the wheel arrangement 1'D1 'or 2-8-2. This means that the locomotives have a leading axle, four driven axles and a trailing axle.

Mainly freight locomotives were built in this design , but also express and passenger locomotives for use in hilly and mountainous areas.

origin of the name

At the end of the 19th century, the first successful Mikados were built in the USA and also exported. As early as 1897, a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works was delivered to Japan . After a dozen or so American machines, Japanese designs were also successful. The name Mikado (Japanese for "sublime gate", former name for the Japanese emperor ) is likely to have originated in this development .

Mikado in Europe

It was not until 1914 that the first Mikados in Europe were built for the Austrian kk state railways (KkStB) as the 470 series .

One of the most economical and powerful Mikado types was the Pt31 series , which was built in large numbers from 1932 for the Polish PKP .

In France, the design also got a large spread of the SNCF 141 R were procured over 1300 copies and used more of other types such as the SNCF 141 P .

In contrast, the wheel arrangement could hardly prevail in other European countries, for example there were just eight Mikado locomotives in Great Britain, including the LNER class P2, which was built in six, the strongest express train locomotive class ever used in the British rail network.

Early types in Germany were the Sächsische XX HV (reconstructed as DR series 19.0 (Reko) ) and the Prussian P 10 . At the Deutsche Reichsbahn , the class 41 standard locomotive was built as a Mikado locomotive. The latter is the most popular German Mikado with 366 copies.

literature

  • Wolfgang Messerschmidt: 1 D 1. Success and fate of the Mikado locomotives . 2nd Edition. Franckh, Stuttgart 1965.
  • Chronicle of the Railway . HEEL Verlag, Königswinter 2005, ISBN 3-89880-413-5 .

Web links

Commons : Mikado  - collection of images, videos and audio files