Microdontics

Classification according to ICD-10
K00.2	Abnormalities in the size and shape of the teeth dens
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The microdontia (from Greek  μικρός mikros "small" and Greek  ὀδούς odous "tooth") is a rare change, in which one, several or all teeth in relation to the jaw are smaller than normal.

A tooth that is too small can also be abnormally shaped.

Classification

Depending on the number of changed teeth, the following classification makes sense:

• True generalized microdontics: With this shape, all teeth are abnormally small. It occurs very rarely with a growth hormone deficiency .
• Relative generalized microdontics (pseudomicrodontics): Here the teeth are normal, but the jaw is too big.
• Focal microdontics: With the focal shape, one or individual teeth are too small. This is the most common form and is associated with hypodontia .

Occurrence

The frequency is stated to be less than 1% of milk teeth and around 2.5% of permanent teeth. The upper external incisors and wisdom teeth are most commonly affected. The female gender is more often affected.

root cause

A number of factors can be considered as the cause or possible trigger:

• chemotherapy
• Ectodermal dysplasia
• Cleft lip and palate
• Radiation Therapy During Teeth Development
• Growth hormone deficiency

In the context of syndromes

Microdontics can occur as part of numerous syndromes :

• ADULT syndrome
• Amelogenesis imperfecta
• Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome
• Coffin-Siris Syndrome
• Down syndrom
• EEC syndrome
• Goltz-Gorlin syndrome
• Gorlin-Chaudhry-Moss syndrome
• Johanson Blizzard Syndrome
• Cranio-ectodermal dysplasia
• Marshall Syndrome
• Okulo-dento-digital dysplasia
• Rieger syndrome
• Salamon Syndrome
• Silver-Russell syndrome
• Williams-Beuren Syndrome

• Dentine dysplasia type 1 with microdontics and shape anomalies
• MOPD type II
• LAMM syndrome

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Entry on Dentition in Flexikon , a Wiki of the DocCheck company
2. ↑ ^{a b} S. Poulsen, G. Koch: Pediatric dentistry: a clinical approach , 2nd edition 2013, Wiley-Blackwell, p. 191. ISBN 978-1-118-68719-2 .
3. ↑ ^{a b} G. Laskaris: Color Atlas of Oral Diseases in Children and Adolescents , 2011, p. 2, 2nd edition, ISBN 978-3-13-160471-2 .
4. ↑ Bernfried Leiber (founder): The clinical syndromes. Syndromes, sequences and symptom complexes . Ed .: G. Burg, J. Kunze, D. Pongratz, PG Scheurlen, A. Schinzel, J. Spranger. 7., completely reworked. Edition. tape 2 : symptoms . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich et al. 1990, ISBN 3-541-01727-9 .
5. ↑ Encyclopedia Dermatology
6. ↑ Dentine dysplasia, atypical, due to SMOC2 deficiency. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
7. ↑ Short stature, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial, type II. In: Orphanet (database for rare diseases).
8. ↑ Deafness with labyrinth aplasia - microtia - microdontia. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !