Mirzā Jahāngir Chān

Jahāngir Chān

Mirzā Jahāngir Chān Schirāzi ( Persian میرزا جهانگیرخان شيرازى, DMG Mīrzā Ǧahāngīr Ḫān , English Mirza Jahangir Khan ; * 1870 or 1875 in Shiraz ; † June 23, 1908 in Tehran ) also known as Jahāngir Chān-e Sūr-e-Esrāfil (جهانگیرخان صوراسرافیل) was an Iranian journalist and writer.

Life

Mirza Dschahangir Chan was born in a poor family in 1870 (according to other sources 1875) in Shiraz. His father was Rajab-Ali Shirazi.

In Tehran he took an active part in the constitutional revolution from 1905 to 1911, which led to the abolition of the absolutist monarchy in Iran and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy with a constitution and a parliament.

Mirza Dschahangir Chan was best known as the editor of the weekly Sur-e Esrafil . Sur-e Esrafil literally means "Trumpet of Esrafil". According to Islamic tradition, Esrafil is the angel who will herald the day of judgment with his trumpet.

The first issue of Sur-e Esrafil magazine appeared on May 30, 1907 with a circulation of 20,000 copies. A total of 32 issues were published under the editorship of Mirza Dschahangir Chan. On June 4, 1908, a year and six days later, Mirza Jahangir Khan was arrested and executed. After Mirza Dschahangir Chan's violent death, Ali Akbar Dehchoda continued to run the magazine first from Paris and then from Switzerland. Ali-Akbar Dehchoda wrote numerous satirical commentaries in the Charand o Parand (BlaBla) column .

Ali-Akbar Dehchoda wrote:

“Sur-e Esrafil played an important role during the constitutional revolution. For the first time, articles were published in a magazine about the despotism of the absolutist Qajar monarchy, their dependence on foreign donors and the corruption within the civil service. This was a unique process in the Islamic world, where the rulers were used to viewing the land and its people as their property, with which they could do as they please. In addition, articles appeared on the medieval views of the reactionary clergy. The success of Sur-e Esrafil was based on the fact that it used a simple language that the population understood and that contrasted with the flowery style of the writers. "

Mirzā Nasr'ollah Beheschti known as Malek al-Motakallemin (King of Orators ).

Mirza Dschahangir Chan was arrested and executed after the successful coup of Mohammed Ali Shah in 1908. The execution took place in Bagh-e Shah (Garden of the Shah), a military barracks area where Mohammed Ali Shah stayed during his coup against the parliamentary elected government. Mirza Nasrollah Beheshti, better known as Malek al-Motekallemin, was also executed with him. Before his execution, Mirza Dschahangir Chan is said to have said goodbye with the word Ey Chāk, mā barāye hefz-e to koscht schodim (“Oh country, we die to protect you”). With the words Zende bad Maschrute ("Long live the constitutional movement") Mirza Jahangir Chan died. His sacrifice should not be in vain. Mohammed Ali Shah was driven from the throne a year later in the civil war that followed, and the constitutional monarchy was reinstated under the reign of his son Ahmad Shah Kajar .

Memory of Mirza Jahangir Chan and Malek al-Motekallemin

After Mirza Jahangir Khan and Malek al-Motekallemin were executed, their bodies were thrown into a ditch behind the walls of Bagh-e Shah. Friends of the two came that night and buried them near Bagh-e Shah. After the overthrow of Mohammed Ali Shah, the graves were officially honored and given a tombstone.

With the expansion of Tehran, the Bagh-e Shah area became a residential area, and Malek al-Motakallemin's family built a house with a garden, the walls of which enclosed the tombs. Today the house is occupied by one of the sons of Malek al-Motakallemin Asado'llah Malek-Zādeh.

A statue of Malek al-Motekallemin, made by the same artist who designed the statue of Firdausi in Firdausi Square, was placed in Hasan Abad Square. After the Islamic Revolution, the statue was removed and taken to the park administration warehouse. The statue is now considered missing.

literature

John Foran: The Strengths and Weaknesses of Iran's Populist Alliance: A Class Analysis of the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911. In: Theory and Society. Vol. 20, No. 6, (December) 1991, pp. 795-823.
Mangol Bayat: Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909 (= Studies in Middle Eastern History ). Oxford University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-19-506822-X .
Ahmad Kasravi : Tārikh-e Mashruteh-ye Iran (تاریخ مشروطهٔ ایران) ("History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution"). Negāh Publications, Tehran, 2003, ISBN 964-351-138-3 . In Persian language.
Ahmad Kasravi: History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution: Tarikh-e Mashrute-ye Iran. Volume 1, translated into English by Evan Siegel. Mazda Publications, Costa Mesa, California, 2006, ISBN 1-56859-197-7 .
Mehdi Malekzādeh : Tārikh-e Enqelāb-e Mashrutyyat-e Iran (تاريخ انقلاب مشروطيت ايران) ("The History of the Constitutional Revolution of Iran"). 7 books in 3 volumes. Sokhan Publications, Tehran 2004, ISBN 964-372-095-0
Annotation: Mehdi Malekzādeh is a son of Malek al-Motakallemin.
Mehdi Malekzādeh: Zendegi-ye Malek al-Motakallemin (زندگانى ملك المتكلمين) ("Life of Malek al-Motakallemin"). Ali-Akbar El'mi Publications, Tehran 1946. OCLC 15498702.

Web links

Ahmad Seyf, Journalism at the time of the Constitutional Revolution (روزنامه نگاری در عصر مشروطیت), Sur-e Esrāfil: A Spark in Darkness (صوراسرافیل: جرقه ای در تاریکی), in Seyf - Ahmad, Nia July 3, 2006. [2]
Naser od-Din Parvin, Mirza Jahangir Khan Shirazi (Sur-e Esrāfil) , Thursday, July 27, 2006, BBC Persian .
Mirza Jahangir Khan Sur-e Esrafil , July 19, 2008, YouTube: [3] (7 min 11 sec).
M. Janbeglou , a photo of Mirza Dschahangir Chan's bust in the House of the Constitutional Movement ( Khāneh-ye Mashtrouteh ) in Tabriz : [4]

Individual evidence

↑ Cf. with 1 Corinthians 15: 51-52: “See, I tell you a secret: we will not all fall asleep, but we will all be changed; and all of a sudden in an instant, at the time of the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound and the dead will rise incorruptible and we will be changed. ”In Christian tradition, Esrafil or Israfil is called Raphael (Archangel) . In Christian iconography he is depicted not with a trumpet, but as a pilgrim with a staff, bottle and fish as the companion of Tobias.
↑ Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda, Persian Language & Literature, http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/adehkhoda/ali_akbar_dehkhoda.php
↑ Ne'mat Ahmadi, Let us prevent destruction of the burials of Sur-e Esrāfil and Malek al-Motakallemin , Aftab, Wednesday, May 21, 2007. [1]
↑ The address of the house is Kamāli Street, Machsus Street, Shahid Ebrahimi Avenue. Malek-Zādeh's house is the last house on the left side of Shadid Ebrahimi Street, a dead end street. According to the latest plans, the house is to be demolished and converted into a parking lot for the nearby hospital. Malek al-Motakallemin's family tries to prevent this and to preserve the graves as a national memorial.

personal data
SURNAME	Jahāngir Chān, Mirzā
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Sūr-e-Esrāfil, Jahāngir-Chān-e; Shirazi, Jahangir Khan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Iranian journalist and editor
DATE OF BIRTH	1870
PLACE OF BIRTH	Shiraz
DATE OF DEATH	June 23, 1908
Place of death	Tehran

[1] Cf. with 1 Corinthians 15: 51-52: “See, I tell you a secret: we will not all fall asleep, but we will all be changed; and all of a sudden in an instant, at the time of the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound and the dead will rise incorruptible and we will be changed. ”In Christian tradition, Esrafil or Israfil is called Raphael (Archangel) . In Christian iconography he is depicted not with a trumpet, but as a pilgrim with a staff, bottle and fish as the companion of Tobias.

[2] Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda, Persian Language & Literature, http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/adehkhoda/ali_akbar_dehkhoda.php

[3] Ne'mat Ahmadi, Let us prevent destruction of the burials of Sur-e Esrāfil and Malek al-Motakallemin , Aftab, Wednesday, May 21, 2007. [1]

[4] The address of the house is Kamāli Street, Machsus Street, Shahid Ebrahimi Avenue. Malek-Zādeh's house is the last house on the left side of Shadid Ebrahimi Street, a dead end street. According to the latest plans, the house is to be demolished and converted into a parking lot for the nearby hospital. Malek al-Motakallemin's family tries to prevent this and to preserve the graves as a national memorial.