Shiraz

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Shiraz
Shiraz north east.JPG
Shiraz (Iran)
Shiraz
Shiraz
Basic data
Country: IranIran Iran
Province : Fars
Coordinates : 29 ° 36 ′  N , 52 ° 31 ′  E Coordinates: 29 ° 36 ′  N , 52 ° 31 ′  E
Height : 1500  m
Surface: 240 km²
Residents : 1,869,001 (2016 census)
Population density: 7,788 inhabitants per km²
Area code : 071
Time zone : UTC +3: 30
Website: www.shiraz.ir
politics
Mayor : Heydar Eskandarpour
Eram garden

The Iranian city ​​of Shiraz (also written Shiraz ; Persian شيراز, DMG Šīrāz ) is the capital of the central southern province of Fars and, with around 1.9 million inhabitants (as of 2016), is one of the five largest cities in Iran .

It is located about 700 km south of Tehran in the southern Zāgros Mountains at about 1500  m . The climate is relatively pleasant and mild. The city, famous for its garden culture, is called the "Garden of Iran". Its abundance of flowers and the famous cultivars of roses give it a specific character that is already noticeable when entering the outer archway.

etymology

The earliest reference to the city can be found on Elamite tablets from 2000 BC. BC, which were found in June 1970 during construction work in Shiraz. On these clay tablets, which are written in the Elamite language , the name of the town is Tiraziš . specified. The old Persian form was irādschiš / and became the neo-Persian shirās through sound shifts.

history

The area around the city was the heartland of Achaemenid Persia more than 2500 years ago .

Two powerful old Persian royal houses come from here: the ancient Achaemenids (559 to 330 BC) and the Sassanids (224 to 651). The octagonal pavilion of the Pars Museum describes the region and its dynasties .

But the city already existed before the Persians immigrated to the Persis. The clay tablets that have been found in Shiraz suggest that the city is of Elamite origin. However, the city only acquired urban size, economic and political importance under the Persians. Clay tablets from the administrative archives of Persepolis from the time of Darius the Great mention Shiraz several times, so the city is said to have housed a royal treasury. After the fall of the Achaemenid Persian Empire and the destruction of Persepolis by Alexander , Shiraz took over the role of the cultural center of the Persians.

In the Middle Ages, the Islamic dynasties of the Buyids and Salghurids resided in Shiraz , under which the city grew and prospered, but was also the scene of military conflicts several times. Later, Mongol, Turkish and Afghan raids decimated the size and population of Shiraz. It was only under Karim Khan Zand that the city was able to recover and experienced a new period of prosperity, especially in terms of economy and culture. On June 20, 1824, the city was destroyed by an earthquake. Shiraz has been officially declared the cultural capital of Iran. The Shiraz Art Festival took place from 1967 to 1977 .

Attractions

Zand Citadel
Hafiz -Grabmal
Nasirolmolk Mosque
The Maharloo Lake near Shiraz

In Shiraz, the two most famous poets of Persia are buried in graceful mausoleums on the outskirts: Hafez and Saadi . In addition to the two of them, Omar Chajjam also worked here .

The Friday Mosque (Shah-Cheragh Mosque) with the shrine of Shah Cheragh , a brother of the eighth Imam Reza, is very important .

Another attraction is the citadel of Karim Khan . It was completed around 1770. It is located in the center of the city and served as a government palace and residential palace, later as a mausoleum .

More Attractions:

traffic

The city has a terminal station - the station building will be the largest in the country - where the by Tehran next railway Badrud-Isfahan-Shiraz ends.

The city's first underground line opened on October 11, 2014.

Universities and research institutions

sons and daughters of the town

Neighboring cities and sights

City partner and friendships

China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Chongqing , People's Republic of China , partnership since 2005
GermanyGermany Weimar , Germany , friendship since 2009

Climate table

Shiraz
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
96
 
12
-1
 
 
43
 
15th
1
 
 
37
 
19th
4th
 
 
35
 
23
8th
 
 
5
 
30th
13
 
 
0
 
36
16
 
 
2
 
37
19th
 
 
0
 
36
18th
 
 
0
 
33
14th
 
 
2
 
28
8th
 
 
30th
 
20th
3
 
 
55
 
14th
0
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Shiraz
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 11.7 14.6 19.3 23.2 30.2 35.5 37.2 36.4 33.3 27.6 20.1 14.0 O 25.3
Min. Temperature (° C) -0.7 0.9 4.2 7.6 12.5 16.2 19.2 17.9 13.8 8.2 2.9 -0.2 O 8.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 96 43 37 35 5 0 2 0 0 2 30th 55 Σ 305
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 6.7 7.4 8.2 7.9 10.7 11.9 11.2 10.7 10.8 10.0 8.0 7.3 O 9.2
Humidity ( % ) 64 58 50 47 31 24 22nd 24 26th 34 48 59 O 40.5
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
11.7
-0.7
14.6
0.9
19.3
4.2
23.2
7.6
30.2
12.5
35.5
16.2
37.2
19.2
36.4
17.9
33.3
13.8
27.6
8.2
20.1
2.9
14.0
-0.2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		96
43
37
35
5
0
2
0
0
2
30th
55
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: wetterkontor.de

literature

  • Sina Vodjani, Gabriele von Kröcher: Zarathustra. Membrane International, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-86562-739-0 , pp. 230-247.

Web links

Commons : Shiraz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population by age groups and sex and province, the 2016 Population and Housing Census. Statistical Center of Iran, accessed on July 21, 2017 ( MS Excel xlsx; 21 kB, for download).
  2. ↑ George G. Cameron: Persepolis Treasury Tablets. University of Chicago Press, 1948, p. 115.
  3. ↑ nirupars.com  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Shiraz@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / nirupars.com  
  4. ^ Friedrich Adolph Klüber (ed.): Genealogisches Staats-Handbuch . 67th year. Verlag von Franz Varrentrapp, Frankfurt am Main 1839, p. 377 ( limited preview in Google book search): "Also Shiraz was devastated on June 20, 1824 by a terrible earthquake."
  5. ↑ nirupars.com, Shiraz
  6. ^ Chongqing Municipal Government
  7. ↑ City friendships. In: weimar.de , accessed on August 16, 2016.