Mohammad Hasan Shirazi
Ayatollah Mirza Mohammad Hasan Schirazi ( Persian میرزای شیراز, also Ayatollah Shirazi ), (born April 25, 1815 in Shiraz ; † February 20, 1895 in Samarra ) was a Persian-Iraqi Shiite cleric (" Mujtahid ") and Marjaʿ-e Taghlid .
Mirza Mohammad Hasan Schirazi started his training at the age of 4. At 29 he moved to Najaf to continue his studies with Sheikh Mortaza Ansari . Mirza Shirazi died in Samara. His tomb is in the mosque of Ali ibn abi Talib in Najaf.
Shirazi achieved fame through a legal opinion ( fatwa ) with which he opposed smoking tobacco. The background to this was the nationwide award of the tobacco concession (cultivation, sale, export) in Iran in 1890 to the British Major Gerald F. Talbot by Shah Nasreddin . This monopoly led to nationwide unrest among Iranian tobacco farmers and tobacco dealers. Ayatollah Shirazi, who resided in Najaf in Iraq, declared in the famous legal opinion ( Tobacco Fatwa , 1891) the consumption of tobacco as directed against the 12th Imam .
The subsequent tobacco boycott rendered the concession worthless to the British and prompted the Shah to withdraw the concession in 1892. The compensation sum of 500,000 pounds to Talbot represented the first foreign debt of Iran. Shirazi then lifted the tobacco ban with a second legal opinion.
The tobacco movement is considered to be the first successful protest movement in modern Iranian history and a forerunner of the democratic movement that was to lead to Iran's constitutional revolution .
literature
- Nikki R. Keddie: Religion and Rebellion in Iran. The Iranian Tobacco Protest of 1891-1892. Cass, London 1966.
Web links
- Mohammad Hasan Shirazi . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica (English, including references)
- Tobacco Revolt on answers.com (English)
- Shirazi on irib.ir (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christopher de Bellaigue: In the rose garden of the martyrs. A portrait of Iran. From the English by Sigrid Langhaeuser, Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2006 (English original edition: London 2004), p. 124 f.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan; Shirazi, Mirza Mohammad Hasan |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Shiite clergyman and Marja-e taqlid |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 25, 1815 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Shiraz |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 20, 1895 |
| Place of death | Samarra |