Monacha claustralis
| Monacha claustralis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monacha claustralis |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Monacha claustralis | ||||||||||||
| ( Rossmässler , 1834) |
Monacha claustralis is a species of snail from the family tree snails (Hygromiidae) from the order of the land snails (Stylommatophora). The original range of the species was the southern Balkans, Greece and western Turkey. The species is currently expanding its range further north and east. In 2019 the first evidence was also provided in Germany.
features
When fully grown, the cases are 6 to 11 mm high and 9 to 18 mm wide. The adult size varies greatly, even within the same population. The housing is low-conical with 5.5 to 6.5 turns. The turns are rounded, non-adult specimens still show a clear shoulder in the upper part of the turn. In the adult stage, the end turn falls off slightly just in front of the mouth area. The edge of the mouth is somewhat pressed when viewed in cross section, the edge of the mouth is sharpened and only slightly thickened on the inside. The outer mouth area is brownish or reddish in color. The thickened inner lip, located a little further in the housing, shines through the shell as a white zone (behind the reddish or brownish rim of the mouth). The navel is very narrow, often completely closed.
The housings are whitish-yellowish to horn-colored and translucent. The shell is relatively thin. The surface is matt and glossy and there are only streaks of growth. Brown spots or narrow brown zones are often formed.
The soft body of the animal is predominantly light yellow with dark pigment spots. The front part is often slightly reddish, the coat is often provided with white spots. The tentacles are also yellow, or more often dark gray and translucent.
In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the free fallopian tube (oviduct) is relatively short, while the vagina is relatively long. The ratio is about 1 to 4 to 5. A lateral, longitudinally oriented vaginal protuberance (vaginal sac) is missing. The sperm library is comparatively large, with a thick but short stem and a large bladder. Directly below the stalk there are eight elongated processes of the glandulae mucosae in a ring around the vagina . Shortly before the penis joins the vagina, a vaginal extension (appendix) begins, which ends directly at the base in an elongated knot-shaped manner and then with a clear decrease in diameter in a thread-like manner. This extension is about as long as the vagina.
In the male genital tract, the spermatic duct is comparatively short and not very twisted. It opens into the thin, long epiphallus, which with a knot-shaped thickening takes over into the very thick but short penis. A thin flagellum is formed at the confluence of the vas deferens with the epiphallus. It is always slightly shorter than the epiphallus. The epiphallus is about twice as long as the penis. The penis opens into the atrium below the vaginal process. The atrium, the common passage for the sex products of the vagina and penis, is comparatively short.
Similar species
The species is practically indistinguishable from the Carthusian snail on the basis of its shell features . In the reproductive system , the Carthusian snail has a vaginal sac, a protuberance on the vagina, the monacha claustralis is missing. The latter has a long vagina (and a very short free fallopian tube), while the Carthusian snail has a fairly short vagina (and a relatively long free fallopian tube). In addition, the epiphallus is shorter on average in this species. The vaginal extension is strongly thickened at the base and then tapers out in a thread-like manner. In Monacha claustralis , the basal part of the vaginal process is slightly thickened and only slowly decreases in diameter.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The original range of Monacha claustralis was probably limited to Greece , Albania , Macedonia , Bulgaria and western Turkey . The species is currently expanding its range to the north. It has already been proven in Bosnia-Herzegovina , the Czech Republic and Poland . Further to the east, it was found on the Crimean peninsula and in Georgia . In 2019 the first proof was also made in Germany (Thuringia).
The species lives in the herb layer of open habitats in sunny, dry places. They can often be found in cultivated land, meadows and gardens. In southern Bulgaria it rises to 1,600 m above sea level.
Taxonomy
There are still differences of opinion in the literature as to who made the name available. While Hausdorf (2000) and, following him, Neiber & Hausdorf (2017) assume Menke (1828) as the first author, Welter-Schultes (2012) and, following him, Pieńkowska et al. (2018) and Hutchinson (2019) believe that the name only became available through Rossmässler (1834). A more recent synonym is Monacha dissimulans Pintér, 1968.
Since the morphological differences between Monacha claustralis and the Carthusian snail ( Monacha cartusiana ) can only be found in the morphology of the genital apparatus, it is to be expected that the distribution area in Central and Eastern Europe will be further enlarged with more detailed investigations.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Joanna R. Pieńkowska, Małgorzata Proćków, Marcin Górka, Andrzej Lesicki: Distribution of Monacha claustralis (Rossmässler, 1834) and M. cartusiana (OF Müller, 1774) (Eupulmonata: Hygromiidae) in Central European and Balkan countries: new data. Folia Malacologica 26 (2): 103-120, 2018 doi : 10.12657 / folmal.026.009
- ↑ a b c d e f Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 , S. 505.
- ↑ John Hutchinson, Bettina Schlitt, Heike Reise: Monacha claustralis (ROSSMÄSSLER 1834), a hygromiid snail new to Germany. Announcements of the German Malacoological Society, 100: 17-22, 2019 PDF ; 1.2 MB
- ^ Bernhard Hausdorf: The genus Monacha in Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae). Archives for Molluscology, 128, 61–151, 2000.
- ↑ Marco T. Neiber, Bernhard Hausdorf: Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail genus Monacha (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae): Zoologica Scripta, 46: 308–321, 2018 doi : 10.1111 / zsc.12218
- ^ Karl Theodor Menke; Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierum earum, quae in museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus. Pp. I-XII (= 1-12), 1-91, Gelpke, Pyrmont, 1828 Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 12.
- ^ Emil Adolf Roßmaessler: Diagnoses conchyliorum terrestrium et fluviatilium. At the same time a directory of the fascicles of natural specimens. II. Issue. No. 21-40. Pp. 1-8. Arnold, Dresden, Leipzig, 1834 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library .
- ↑ Monacha claustralis (Rossmässler, 1834)