Muhammad Shah (Brunei)

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Muhammad Shah (also: Awang Alak Betatar , Paduka Sultan Muhammad Shah ) was, according to the official history of Brunei, the founder of the Sultanate of Brunei and also the first sultan , probably from 1368 to 1402. His genealogy is unclear and the subject of several historical sources and legends.

Life

Nothing is known about the youth of Muhammad Shah. Only when the Sultanate of Brunei was founded by Muhammad Shah does it become tangible in history. According to the sources, he had the help of his brothers Awang Pateh Berbai ( Ahmad , the third Sultan of Brunei) and Awang Semaun . He ruled from 1368 until his death in 1402. First he carried the title Raja Awang Alak Betatar until the beginning of the 1360s, when he converted to Islam to the daughter of the King of Temasik (on the site of today's Singapore , then "Johor") marry.

It is not certain who Muhammad Shah married, but there are reports that it was either the daughter of Iskandar Shah or the daughter of Sang Nila Utama , both of the Sang Sapurba family .

Muhammad Shah sent an expedition to China in 1371 ; in the Ming Shi (明 史, 325), the contemporary Chinese chronicle, it is stated that the King of Brunei in 1370 was a "Ma-ho-mo-sa". Bruneian historians take this as a reference for "Muhammad Shah". Another reading would be “Mahmud Shah”. In addition, “Ma-ho-mo-sa” could also be interpreted as “Maha Moksha” (Great Eternity), a Buddhist name; this would be consistent with the fact that the successors also had a Buddhist name in the Chinese records.

Muhammad Shah died in 1402. The government was initially taken over by Abdul Majid Hassan . Only in 1408 did Ahmad become Sultan.

family

According to tradition, his daughter, Princess Ratna Dewi , married a Chinese immigrant named Huang Senping (Ong Sum Ping), who is said to have established a trading post near Mumiang on the Kinabatangan River . He then received the title of Pengiran Maharaja Lela and was elected chief of Kinabatangan.

There is evidence that Islamic influences existed in the Brunei area before that time, but there is also evidence that there was a pre-Islamic dynasty in the area.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Jatswan S. Sidhu: Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam . Scarecrow Press, December 22, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8108-7078-9 , p. 20.
  2. ↑ a b c http://malaysianunplug.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/malay-history-whats-missing-in.html
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Vadime Elisseeff: Chapter 8: A Brunei Sultan of the Early Fourteenth Century - A Study of an Arabic Gravestone . In: The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce . Berghahn Books, January 2000, ISBN 978-1-57181-222-3 , pp. 145–157 (accessed December 26, 2013).
  4. ↑ Royal Ark
  5. ↑ Muhammad Jamil Al-Sufri. (1990). Tarsilah Brunei- Sejarah Awal dan Perkembangan Islam. Bandar Seri Begawan: Jabatan Pusat Sejarah

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predecessor Office successor
Sultan of Brunei
1368-1402 		Ahmad
personal data
SURNAME Muhammad Shah
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Awang Alak Betatar; Paduka Sultan Muhammad Shah
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Sultan of Brunei
DATE OF BIRTH 14th Century
DATE OF DEATH 1402