Muhammad ibn ʿĪsā at-Tirmidhī

At-Tirmidhī , Arabic محمد بن عيسى بن سورة السلمي الترمذي أبو عيسى Mohammed ibn ʿĪsā b. Saura as-Sulamī at-Tirmidhī, Abū ʿĪsā , DMG Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā b. Saura as-Sulamī at-Tirmiḏī, Abū ʿĪsā, (* 825 in Būgh , near Termiz am Amudarja in today's Uzbekistan ; † 892 in Termiz) was a traditionalist and author of one of the canonical collections of traditions in Islamic literature.

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He studied in Bukhara and went on an extensive study trip to Khorasan , Iraq and the Hejaz . His most famous teacher was al-Bukhari , after his death in 869 at-Tirmidhī was considered to be his successor in the teaching of Khorasan. He also had contacts with other hadith scholars of his time: with Abū Dāwūd as-Sidschistānī , Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj and others.

Works

His main work is his collection of authentic traditions based on the Prophet Mohammed under the title: al-dschami 'as-sahih /الجامع الصحيح / al-Ǧāmiʿ aṣ-ṣaḥīḥ , which was published as "Sunan at-Tirmidhī" by the Egyptian scholar Mohammed Ahmad Shakir ( et alii ) between 1937 and 1965 in five volumes. The collection comprises a total of 3956 traditions with the author's critical comments. It is thanks to at-Tirmidhī that the hadiths handed down by him are divided into three main categories of traditional criticism (“sahih”: healthy; authentic, “hasan”: beautiful; correct and “gharib”: unusual, strange) and the different views of the Having added law schools . "He takes up every tradition insofar as it is proven by it that it was ever used by a lawyer as evidence and argument in legal practice, in other words, every sentence that has ever been invoked."

The first page of Ibn Rajab's commentary. Original: Hs Süleimaniye, Ahmet III. Istanbul

At the end of his work his kitāb al-ʿilal /كتاب العلل / 'The Book of (Commonly Known) Errors', a theoretical treatise on traditional criticism and the transmission of inauthentic hadiths in the Islamic literature of its predecessors, including their criticism by the author. This treatise then has ʿAbd ar-Rahmān b. Ahmad, Ibn Rajab al-Hanbalī († 1393 in Damascus ) commented on around 500 pages.

The work is one of the six canonical hadith collections in the Islamic tradition. With his presentation of the hadith he is one of the oldest sources "for comparative research on the divergences of the orthodox Fiqh schools". At-Tirmidhī, however, does not mention Abū Hanīfa and his legal doctrine, since he, at-Tirmidhī, was considered an opponent of the am Ra'y , the personally shaped, subjective view of law as the source of Islamic jurisprudence . Because it is the traditionarians and not the followers of the Ra'y who best understand the meaning and the possible applications of the hadith.

His kitab asch-shamāʾil /كتاب الشمائل / Kitāb aš-šamāʾil / 'The Book of Characteristics ' is a summarizing representation of the appearance of Mohammed, which was printed several times in the Orient and translated into English between 1933 and 1934.

The small collection tasmiyat ashāb rasūlillāh /تسمية أصحاب رسول الله / tasmiyat aṣḥāb rasūlillāh contains the names of the companions of Muhammad in their capacity as conveyors of the prophet's statements. The collection is only preserved in fragments.

literature

Ignaz Goldziher : Muhammadan Studies . Volume 2, Halle (Saale) 1890, p. 250 ff.
Fuat Sezgin : History of Arabic Literature . Volume 1, Brill, Leiden 1967, pp. 154-159.
The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Volume 10, p. 546.

Individual evidence

^ F. Sezgin: History of the Arabic literature . Volume 1, Brill, Leiden 1967, p. 154.
↑ Ignaz Goldziher: Muhammedanische Studien . Volume 2, Halle (Salle) 1890, pp. 250-251. (online at: archive.org)
^ Carl Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature . Volume 2, Brill, Leiden 1949, pp. 129-130.
^ F. Sezgin: History of the Arabic literature . Volume 1, Brill, Leiden 1967, p. 159. No. IV. Printed in Baghdad 1976.
^ ^A ^b Ignaz Goldziher: Muhammedanische Studien. Volume 2, Halle (Salle) 1890, p. 254.
↑ Translated by M. Hidāyat Ḥusain, In: Islamic Culture. 7 (1933), pp. 395-409, 561-572; 8 (1934), pp. 46-54, 273-289, 364-386, 531-549.
^ F. Sezgin: History of the Arabic literature . Volume 1, Brill, Leiden 1967, p. 159. No. III.

personal data
SURNAME	Tirmidhī, Muhammad ibn ʿĪsā at-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Tirmidhī, Abū Īsā Muħammad ibn Īsā ibn Mūsā ibn ad-Dahhāk as-Sulamī at-
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Collector of hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Mohammed)
DATE OF BIRTH	825
PLACE OF BIRTH	Būgh , a suburb of Termiz in what is now Uzbekistan
DATE OF DEATH	892
Place of death	Būgh , a suburb of Termiz in what is now Uzbekistan

[1] F. Sezgin: History of the Arabic literature . Volume 1, Brill, Leiden 1967, p. 154.

[2] Ignaz Goldziher: Muhammedanische Studien . Volume 2, Halle (Salle) 1890, pp. 250-251. (online at: archive.org)

[3] Carl Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature . Volume 2, Brill, Leiden 1949, pp. 129-130.

[4] F. Sezgin: History of the Arabic literature . Volume 1, Brill, Leiden 1967, p. 159. No. IV. Printed in Baghdad 1976.

[ig254-5] A ^b Ignaz Goldziher: Muhammedanische Studien. Volume 2, Halle (Salle) 1890, p. 254.

[6] Translated by M. Hidāyat Ḥusain, In: Islamic Culture. 7 (1933), pp. 395-409, 561-572; 8 (1934), pp. 46-54, 273-289, 364-386, 531-549.

[7] F. Sezgin: History of the Arabic literature . Volume 1, Brill, Leiden 1967, p. 159. No. III.