al-Kutub as-sitta

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al-Kutub as-sitta ( Arabic الكتب الستة 'The six books') are the six Sunni canonical hadith collections that contain sayings, actions and instructions of the Prophet Mohammed , which in an Islamic society are understood as Sunnah , norms to be imitated or to be followed. Thus, after the Koran, they are the second source of Islamic jurisprudence .

The el-Kutub es custom

The two "healthy" saheeh works

  • al-Jami 'as-Saheeh (الجامع الصحيح'The authentic collection') of Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari al-Ju'fi (أبو عبد الله محمّد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي) died 256/870 . - The work has been compiled according to the chapters of Islamic jurisprudence with the aim of giving the authentic hadith general validity in jurisprudence.
  • al-Jami 'as-Saheeh (الجامع الصحيح'The authentic collection') by Abu l-Husain Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Qushairi an-Naisaburi (أبو الحسين مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري), died 261/875 . - This work is also arranged according to the chapters of Islamic jurisprudence. In contrast to al-Buchhari's work, Muslim has put together several variants of one and the same statement by the Prophet, which differ in content. The mentioned works by al-Bukhari and Muslim are called in Islamic literature: as-Sahihanالصحيحان / aṣ-ṣaḥīḥān  / ‚" the two authentic collections of hadiths. "'

The so-called "Sunan" works

  • al-Jami 'as-Saheeh fī s-sunan (الجامع الصحيح في السّنن'The authentic collection of the Sunnah') by Abu 'Isa Muhammad ibn' Isa at-Tirmidhi (أبو عيسى محمد بن عيسى الترمذي) died 279/892 . Among the so-called Sunan works, this work is distinguished by the author's critical remarks on the individual hadiths with references to the views of the schools of law. at-Tirmidhi "takes up every tradition insofar as it has been proven that it has ever been used by a lawyer as evidence and argument in legal practice, in other words, every sentence that has ever been invoked".
  • kitāb as-Sunan (كتاب السّنن'The book of traditions') by Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Asch'ath as-Sidschistani (أبو داود سليمان بن الأشعث السجستاني) died 275/888 .- In this work the author compiled the Sunna of the Prophet Mohammed from around 500 thousand traditions. Like his disciple al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud supplements the traditions with his Isnad-critical comments, which appear even more frequently in later works than in Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi. They can be seen as the first literary evidence of traditional criticism.
  • kitāb as-Sunan (كتاب السنن'The book of traditions') by Abu 'Abd ar-Rahman Ahmad ibn' Ali an-Nasāʾī (أبو عبد الرحمن أحمد بن علي النّسائي) died 303/915 . - This work is a summary of the materials collected by al-Bukhari and Muslim and above all supplements the hadiths about ritual life with numerous details and versions. In the first version of the work, titled As-Sunan al-kubra , The Great Sunna Work, an-Nasa'i also took into account “weak” hadiths, the evidential value of which has always been controversial in legal life and in Islamic ritual; this first version has not been preserved.
  • kitāb as-Sunan (كتاب السّنن 'The book of traditions') by Abu' Abdallah Muhammad ibn Yazid ar Raba'i al-Qazwini (أبو عبد الله محمّد بن يزيد الربعي القزويني) known as Ibn Madscha (ابن ماجة), died 273/887 . - Not all of the hadiths collected by him withstood the traditional criticism of his time. Ibn Madscha selected his materials from a small number of sources, whereby his work could be arranged more clearly than z. B. the collection of an-Nasa'i.

Other hadith collections

These six collections of hadiths form the basis of the Concordance et Indices de la Tradition Musulmane , edited by AJ Wensinck et alii (Brill, Leiden 1936–1988); The authors of this hadith concordance have taken into account three other works, which are always highly valued in Islamic hadith literature:

The position of the above-mentioned works in Islamic literature was not undisputed in the centuries after their creation. Critical writings, which even had the two authentic collections as their subject matter, emerged as early as the 4th Muslim century ( 10th century AD); they showed the weaknesses of supposedly credible hadiths that are regarded as conclusive in legal life, e.g. B. at al-Bukhari.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Ignaz Goldziher: Muhammedanische Studien . Vol. II. Pp. 236-240
  2. Ignaz Goldziher, op. Cit. 245-246
  3. Ignaz Goldziher, op. Cit. Pp. 250-251. Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic Literature , p. 154
  4. Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic literature , pp. 149–150
  5. Ignaz Goldziher, op. Cit. P. 252.
  6. ^ Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic literature , pp. 167-168
  7. ^ Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic literature , p. 147
  8. Ignaz Goldziher, op. Cit. 257 ff.