Multiconditional approach

The multiconditional approach (sometimes: multidimensional approach ) is to be seen as the result of the history of psychiatry debates that took place between ideologically oriented groups of psychiatrists in the 19th century. The approach is intended to make a contribution to the disease systematics in psychiatry. The aim here is to express that the originally conflicting and controversial points of view of the protagonists are to be used in the sense of a synthesis of their statements. Such originally opposing points of view are mainly those of psychics and somatics . While the psychics pursued social aspects, the somatics mainly looked at scientifically detectable causes of illness, as they were already recognized in the rest of medicine at that time. According to Ludolf von Krehl, every theory of disease is shaped by its historical development. (" Our current system bears the scars of its historical development. ")

ideology

The tendency to absolutize disease teachings makes them susceptible to ideological entrenchments. An indication of these respective claims to power is, for example, the associated lack of hesitation in the use of coercive treatment . In 1845 Wilhelm Griesinger was therefore able to combine the claim of somatic disease theory with the demand for free forms of treatment without mechanical constraint ( no restraint ). But coercive measures were also not excluded in connection with somatic disease concepts ( somatotherapy ). It was possible that the postulate that endogenous psychoses could be physically justified was viewed as a belief or dogma, regardless of the "physical stigmatization " often associated with it . See also stigmatization of the mentally ill .

Shift theory

The triadic system of psychiatry can be viewed according to the shift rule according to Karl Jaspers as a structure corresponding to causally increasingly strong or increasingly determinative disease factors. This draws attention to the importance of causally determining factors when making diagnoses. When making any diagnosis, it is important to ensure that certain symptoms, such as alcohol dependence , are also to be viewed as an expression of endogenous symptoms and not just as an expression of an understandable exceptional situation, as is often claimed by those affected. The deeper (organic) layer can therefore have a harmful effect on the higher (psychological) layer.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Bridegroom, Walter : reactions, neuroses, psychopathies . A plan of the small psychiatry. dtv Scientific Series, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart ² 1969; Page 23
2. ^ Dörner, Klaus and Ursula Plog: To err is human or textbook of psychiatry / psychotherapy. Psychiatrie-Verlag Rehburg-Loccum ⁷ 1983, ISBN 3-88414-001-9 ; Page 440
3. ^ Uexküll, Thure from : Basic questions of psychosomatic medicine. Rowohlt Taschenbuch, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1963, pages 44-49
4. ^ Tölle, Rainer : Psychiatrie . Child and adolescent psychiatric treatment by Reinhart Lempp . Springer, Berlin ⁷ 1985, ISBN 3-540-15853-7 , on stw. “Multidimensional approach”: Pages 16, 174 f.
5. ↑ Huber, Gerd : Psychiatry. Systematic teaching text for students and doctors. FK Schattauer, Stuttgart 1974, ISBN 3-7945-0404-6 ; to Stw. "Multiconditional approach" pages 9, 12, 13, 46, 55, 88, 95, 110, 123, 221, 229, 251, 305, 313, 337

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