Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
Systematics
Order : Actinomycetales
Subordination : Corynebacterineae
Family : Mycobacteriaceae
Genre : Mycobacterium
Type : Mycobacterium avium
Subspecies : Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
Scientific name
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
( Bergey et al. 1923) Thorel et al. 1990

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is an obligate pathogenic bacterium of the genus Mycobacterium . It is often associated with M. paratuberculosis or M. avium ssp. abbreviated paratuberculosis . The strain designation is ATCC 19698 (equivalent to CIP 103963 or DSM 44133).

Pathophysiology

It is the causative germ of the so-called Johne's disease in ruminants. It is assumed that there is a connection between M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease in humans.

Recently published studies have shown that MAP germs can survive pasteurization of milk, which would raise health concerns regarding the undreamt-of spread of MAP in the current dairy industry. Depending on the D 72C value of the strains detected and their concentration in the milk, survival of pasteurization was more likely. The heat resistance and the ability to implant in white blood cells correlated with survival in milk.

Detection methods

MAP is a slow growing organism and difficult to cultivate. Bacterial cultivation is considered the "gold standard" for the detection of MAP. Detection in tissues, food and water is very limited. The detection of MAP in human blood cultures was recently presented and is being further developed.

Due to the relatively time-consuming cultivation of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis or long incubation phases, the detection of paratuberculosis infection in ruminant populations is often delayed. For this reason it is now being investigated ( in vitro and in vivo) whether indications of paratuberculosis infections can be supported by the detection of specific changes in the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

treatment

Furthermore, new vectors for vaccines against MAP are now being developed that could be used both preventively and curatively. Phase 1 of the human trials started in January 2017.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ryan KJ; Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9 .
  2. ↑ Thorel M, Krichevsky M, Lévy-Frébault V (1990). "Numerical taxonomy of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria, amended description of Mycobacterium avium, and description of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Avium subsp. Nov., Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis subsp. Nov., And Mycobacterium avium subsp. Silvaticum subsp. Nov". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 40 (3): 254-60. PMID 2397193 . doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-40-3-254 .
  3. ↑ RJ Chiodini, WM Chamberlin, J. Sarosiek, RW McCallum: Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a quarter century later. Causation or simple association? In: Critical reviews in microbiology. Volume 38, Number 1, February 2012, pp. 52-93, doi : 10.3109 / 1040841X.2011.638273 , PMID 22242906 (review).
  4. ^ Hugh Freeman, Michael Noble: Lack of evidence for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease . In: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases . tape 11 , no. 8 , August 1, 2005, ISSN  1536-4844 , p. 782-783 , doi : 10.1097 / 01.MIB.0000179317.27132.24 .
  5. ↑ Dr Michael Mullan: Modeling the destruction of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Retrieved June 14, 2017 (UK English).
  6. ^ MAP Blood Culture and Diagnostics | Human Para Foundation . In: Human Para Foundation . April 1, 2017 ( humanpara.org [accessed June 20, 2017]).
  7. ^ Phillip Trefz, Heike Koehler, Klaus Klepik, Petra Moebius, Petra Reinhold: Volatile Emissions from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Mirror Bacterial Growth and Enable Distinction of Different Strains . In: PLOS ONE . tape 8 , no. 10 , October 8, 2013, ISSN  1932-6203 , p. e76868 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0076868 , PMID 24116177 , PMC 3792893 (free full text).
  8. ↑ Andreas Bergmann, Phillip Trefz, Sina Fischer, Klaus Klepik, Gudrun Walter: In Vivo Volatile Organic Compound Signatures of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis . In: PLOS ONE . tape 10 , no. 4 , April 27, 2015, ISSN  1932-6203 , p. e0123980 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0123980 , PMID 25915653 , PMC 4411140 (free full text).
  9. ↑ Researchers in Oxford launch Phase 1 Clinical Trial of MAP vaccine in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Crohn's & Colitis UK, accessed June 20, 2017 .