NUMAlink
As NUMAlink a high-speed network is Silicon Graphics (SGI) indicates that for connecting the computer node in the massively parallel ccNUMA -Rechnern the Origin - and Altix serves -families.
The DASH prototype (NUMAlink-1)
In the early 1990s, the DASH (Directory Architecture for Shared Memory) prototype was developed at Stanford University to test the viability of the ccNUMA architecture concept. The DASH uses two separate, parallel, 16-bit wide networks (one for inquiries and one for replies). The networks form a rectangular grid, at whose nodes routers take over the traffic control. The computer nodes are also connected to the router. Power Stations 4D / 340 from SGI are used as computer nodes, the routers are discreet plug-in cards. The transfer rate is 120 megabytes / s with a latency of 50 nanoseconds per "hop". The designation "NUMAlink-1" is not official, but since the next generation is designated as NUMAlink-2, the assignment is justified.
NUMAlink-2 aka CrayLink
The first public appearance of NUMAlink took place in 1996 with the presentation of the Origin2000 by SGI. However, since SGI had just taken over Cray Research , the name "CrayLink" was used for marketing reasons, although no Cray technology was used. After Cray Research was sold to Tera Computer in 2000 , the name NUMAlink was introduced. For NUMAlink-2, the two separate networks were integrated into a common connection and the speed was (significantly) increased to 800 megabytes / s, with full duplex transmission and an aggregated bandwidth of 1.6 gigabytes / s being achieved. A hypercube was chosen as the topology in order to be able to reach all nodes in a few hops with a limited number of cables. This topology also guarantees an excellent bisection bandwidth . The router was integrated on a chip that provides six ports. With 32 nodes, all six ports are occupied and you have to switch to the fat hypercube topology, which also uses metarouters .
NUMAlink-3 - Double Speed
The third NUMAlink generation was introduced in 2003 with the Origin 3000 and, as the most important innovation, doubles the transmission speed to 1.6 or 3.2 gigabytes / s. Accordingly, a new router chip would have to be designed that only has eight router ports and thus enables a simpler topology - dual plane fat tree .
NUMAlink-4 - Quad Speed
For use in the new Altix family of Intel Itanium- based computers, the speed has been doubled again with NUMAlink-4, to 3.2 or 6.4 gigabytes / s. In addition, NUMAlink-4 is more flexible with regard to the topology; in addition to Fat Tree , a ring such as in the Altix 350 is also possible.
NUMAlink 5
NUMAlink 5 is the fifth generation of the interface, introduced in 2009 for the Altix UV series. NUMAlink 5 achieves a peak transfer rate of 15 GB / s over two 7.5 GB / s unidirectional connections.
NUMAlink 6
NUMAlink 6 is the sixth generation of the interface, introduced in 2012 for the SGI UV 2000 , SGI UV 3000 and SGI UV 30 systems. NUMAlink 6 achieves a bidirectional bandwidth of 6.7 GB / s for a maximum of 256 CPU socket systems and 64TB cache-coherent distributed RAM.
NUMAlink 7
NUMAlink 7 is the seventh generation of the interface, introduced in 2014 for the SGI UV 300 , SGI UV 30EX , SGI UV 300H and SGI UV 300RL systems. NUMAlink 7 doubles the bidirectional bandwidth compared to version 6 to 14.94 GB / s for a maximum of 64 CPU socket systems and 64TB cache-coherent distributed RAM.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ SGI UV 2000 Datasheet . In: www.sgi.com . Silicon Graphics . 2015. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- ↑ SGI UV 3000, UV 30 Datasheet . In: www.sgi.com . Silicon Graphics . 2015. Archived from the original on June 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- ↑ SGI UV 300, UV 30EX Datasheet . In: www.sgi.com . Silicon Graphics . 2015. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- ↑ SGI UV 300H Datasheet . In: www.sgi.com . Silicon Graphics . 2015. Archived from the original on August 23, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- ↑ SGI UV 300RL Datasheet . In: www.sgi.com . Silicon Graphics . 2015. Archived from the original on August 23, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
