Close-up triad

In ophthalmology , a close-up triad is understood to mean the simultaneous occurrence of a convergence movement , a pupillary constriction ( convergence miosis ) and a close-up accommodation , which are coupled to one another by a superordinate neurophysiological control circuit . The extent of the convergence movement is directly related to the accommodation effort expended, which is expressed in the so-called AC / A quotient . It is not yet clear which of the three mechanisms is the primary one. At least one suspects that the pupil constriction follows the accommodation.

Malfunctions of convergence or reduced accommodation result in a certain susceptibility to failure of this control loop. Cases of illness have also been described in which the close-up triad could only be triggered via one eye.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Rudolf Sachsenweger: Neuroophthalmology . Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart; 3rd edition, (January 1983), p. 309 ff; ISBN 978-3135310039
2. ↑ Press information from the Ophthalmological Academy Germany ( memento of the original from August 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ Dissociated close-up triad with an accommodative convergence excess. Graef, M .; Becker, R .; Kloss, S. in: Der Ophthalmologe, Verlag Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, issue 10 October 2004

literature

• Herbert Kaufmann: Strabismus . With the collaboration of W. de Decker et al., Georg Thieme Verlag, Edition 3 - 2003, ISBN 3-131-29723-9

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