Nappism

As Nappismus (or ceiling teaching ) in which is geology teaching refers to the many high mountains , z. B. the Alps, Carpathians and other large mountains, from a variety of thrust naps ( English nap ) have emerged.

The competing view is the folded-over portion (with a combined horizontal displacements unfolding ), while the thrust is in a shearing off the rock layers from their support ( shear ceiling ).

For the Eastern Alps, it has meanwhile been proven that the area of ​​origin of the Central Alpine rocks (see Middle and Upper Eastern Alps ) is far to the south. They belong to the crustal plate advancing from there , which led to the large-scale subduction of the then ( Penninic ) ocean floor and the formation of the Alps. In the Western Alps (the Penninic), the method of formation is partly different.

The teaching of blankets in the Alpine countries goes back to the Nappist school of geology , including Otto Ampferer , Marcel Alexandre Bertrand , Maurice Lugeon , Hans Schardt , Eduard Suess and Pierre-Marie Termier . Towards the end of the 19th century, it replaced the elevation theory developed primarily for the western Alps , which assumed a crystalline nucleus moving upwards , through which a huge saddle had formed ( Leopold von Buch , 1827). A prime example of thrust in the Alps, the Glarus thrust , was the subject of heated controversy between Albert Heim (proponent of a convolution theory) and August Rothpletz in the 1890s . However, around 1903 the thrust theory prevailed.

literature

• Bubnoff: Nappism or ceiling theory? In: Geologische Rundschau . February 25, 1943, Vol. 33, Issue 4-6, pp. 478-479.