Narodowa Demokracja

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The National Democracy ( Polish Narodowa Demokracja , also Endecja after the first two letters ) was a Polish nationalist , conservative and anti-Semitic movement that emerged at the end of the 19th century on the initiative of Roman Dmowski and existed until the end of World War II .

history

After the coup d'état of Marshal Józef Piłsudski from May 12th to 15th, 1926 in Poland ( May Putsch ) in 1926, the Endecja was systematically fought by the government camp ( Sanacja ). In response to this, the extra-parliamentary opposition Obóz Wielkiej Polski ("Wielkopolska Camp", OWP) arose with Dmowski as its leader, in which mainly nationalistic youths gathered. The main objective of the OWP was the extra-parliamentary struggle with the Sanacja for state power. The Wielkopolska camp had about 300,000 members. The organizations of the National Democratic Party at that time included political parties , trade unions , youth organizations, women's and sports associations. In 1933 the OWF was banned by the Sanacja. The members and sympathizers were harassed.

The OWP continued its fight in 1934 as Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny ( National Radical Camp , ONR) and was banned again after only a few months after the Endecja took an even more radical direction ( Narodowy Radykalizm , "National Radicalism").

During World War II, the National Democrats founded their own underground organizations, such as the Narodowa Organizacja Wojskowa , Narodowe Siły Zbrojne and Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe . They were fought by the National Socialist German and Soviet occupiers, the Ukrainian nationalists and the Polish communists . Still other groups in the movement collaborated with the German occupation authorities because they viewed the Nazi regime as "the lesser evil" compared to the Jews. The national movement was almost completely destroyed during the war, most supporters went into exile after the war or continued their fight against the communist regime as partisans .

ideology

The ideological foundations of the party were the programmatic writings of Roman Dmowski, who is considered the spiritual father of the Polish national movement. It aspired to a mono-ethnic, Catholic state ( incorporation concept ) and thus stood in contradiction to the concept of a multi-ethnic federation ( inter-sea country ) Józef Piłsudskis .

The movement emphasized its anti-Semitic positions and aimed to exclude Jews from the social and economic life of Poland and ultimately force them to emigrate. In the 1930s there were anti-Semitic actions: boycotts, demonstrations and even pogroms that were organized or inspired by the ND.

National organizations before the war

Youth organizations

Underground organizations 1939–1947

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Beyrau, Dietrich (1993). "Anti-Semitism and Jews in Poland, 1918-1939". Hostages of Modernization: Studies on Modern Antisemitism 1870-1933 / 39 - Austria, Hungary, Poland, Russia. de Gruyter: 1087

Web links

Website about the Endecja (Polish)