Nasjonal Samling

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Emblem of the Nasjonal Samling with the sun cross symbol.
Nazjonal Samling party flag.
Emblem of the Hirden , the paramilitary defense organization of the NS.

The Nasjonal Samling (short NS , German National Association ) was a Norwegian fascist party between 1933 and 1945. Its party leader was Vidkun Quisling . During the time of the German occupation of Norway from 1940 to 1945, the NS was the only permitted party in Norway and collaborated with the German occupying power.

history

The NS was founded on May 13, 1933 by Vidkun Quisling and Johan Bernhard Hjort , among others . The party had its strongholds in Telemark and the Oslo capital area and was mainly elected by Norwegians with a "national sentiment".

Quisling visiting the paramilitary herds

In the 1930s she worked closely with the Norwegian Farmers' Party ( Bondepartiet , today's Center Party ), including against the expropriation of farms. Furthermore, the party stirred up Norwegian nationalism and anti-communism and generally harbored sympathy for the German Reich and fascist Italy .

Well-known members were the former Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Hundseid , the polar researcher Adolf Hoel , the opera singer and Interior Minister Albert Viljam Hagelin and the composer Christian Sinding . The writer and Nobel laureate in literature Knut Hamsun, on the other hand, supported the party's political goals, but was never a party member.

When it was dissolved after the war ended in May 1945, it had around 50,000 members.

After the war, legal proceedings for treason were initiated against more than 50,000 Norwegians. More than half of the preliminary investigations led to imprisonment, confiscation of property, fines or the withdrawal of voting rights. Death sentences were imposed in 26 cases - led by party leader Quisling . The majority of those convicted were supporters or members of the Nasjonal Samling.

See also

literature

  • Hans-Dietrich Loock: Quisling, Rosenberg and Terboven. On the prehistory and history of the National Socialist Revolution in Norway . In: Sources and representations on contemporary history . No. 18 . Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, 1970, ISSN  0481-3545 (At the same time: Berlin, Freie Univ., Habil.-Schr., 1968).
  • Stanley Payne : History of Fascism. The rise and fall of a European movement. Propylaea, Berlin 2001, ISBN 978-3-549-07148-9 .
  • Martin Kristoffer Hamre: Norwegian Fascism in a Transnational Perspective: The Influence of German National Socialism and Italian Fascism on the Nasjonal Samling, 1933-1936 in "Fascism" 8 (1), pp. 36-60. https://brill.com/view/journals/fasc/8/1/article-p36_36.xml

Web links

Commons : Nasjonal Samling  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Wegner: The end of the war in Scandinavia in Karl-Heinz Frieser (ed.): The German Reich and the Second World War , Volume 8: The Eastern Front 1943/44 - The War in the East and on the Side Fronts , Munich, 2011, p. 1005