National Socialist Party of China

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中國 國家 社會 黨
Zhōngguó guójiā shèhuì dǎng
National Socialist Party of China
Flag of CDSP.svg
founding April 14, 1932 in Beiping
resolution August 25, 1946
Alignment Center-left , Democratic Socialism

The National Socialist Party of China ( Chinese  中國 民主 社會 黨 , Pinyin Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Shèhuìdǎng ) was a party of the Republic of China .

history

As a social democratic and anti-fascist party, it had no affinity with the National Socialist German Workers' Party . Rather, its founder, the lawyer Zhang Junmai , was in close contact with the Social Democratic Party of Germany . The National Socialist Party of China was founded by Zhang in response to the Japanese occupation of Manchuria and understood its position as a middle ground between the Kuomintang and the rival Communist Party of China . Between 1932 and 1938 the party was banned and its members were persecuted. From 1941 she belonged to an independent party alliance, the Democratic League of China , which she left in 1946. Zhang Junmai was one of the fathers of the 1946 Constitution of the Republic of China. On August 25, 1946, she held an unification convention with the Democratic Constitutional Party. Both parties previously had strong ties with Liang Qichao's disbanded Progress Party. In view of the experience with the National Socialist German Workers' Party and earlier false designations as "semi-fascist", the party no longer wanted to use its previous name and renamed itself to the Social Democratic Party of China .

meaning

Although that social democratic party had only a few members and its scope of action was small due to the years of persecution from 1932 to 1938, its impulses for the constitutional development of the Republic of China were of great importance in the long term. Its chairman, Zhang Junmai , is considered to be the father of the constitution, and he was strongly oriented towards the Weimar constitution . A catalog of fundamental rights and statements on popular sovereignty, which were implemented through elections and deselection, referendums and legislative initiatives, were therefore incorporated into the new Chinese constitution. In addition, there was new information on the right to vote and stand as a candidate, the electoral process and the statutory equality of women, who from then on were able to exercise nationwide the right to vote , which was only practiced in some provinces . In addition to the women elected in the two national chambers of parliament, women received a minimum quota of seats under Article 26 (7).

literature

  • Domes, Jürgen: Kuomintang rule in China . Lower Saxony State Center for Political Education, Hanover 1970.
  • Fung, Edmund SK: In Search of Chinese Democracy: Civil Opposition in Nationalist China, 1929–1949 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / UK, 2000. ISBN 978-0-521-77124-5 .
  • Fukui, Haruhiro: Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific . Vol. 2. Greenwood Press, Westport / Connecticut-London, 1985.
  • Jeans, Roger B .: Chinese Democratic Socialist Party . In: Fukui, Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 1, p. 212 ff.
  • Jeans, Roger B .: Democracy and Socialism: The Politics of Zhang Junmai (Carsun Chang), 1906–1941 . Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham - Boulder - New York - Oxford, 1997, ISBN 0-8476-8707-4 .
  • Weyrauch, Thomas: China's Democratic Traditions . Longtai, Heuchelheim, 2014, ISBN 978-3-938946-24-4 .
  • Weyrauch, Thomas: The party landscape of East Asia . Longtai, Heuchelheim, 2018, ISBN 978-3-938946-27-5 .
  • Weyrauch, Thomas: Political Lexicon East Asia . Longtai, Heuchelheim, 2019, ISBN 978-3-938946-28-2 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Weyrauch, The Party Landscape of East Asia, pp. 153 f., 157 f.
  2. ^ Jeans, Chinese Democratic Socialist Party, p. 212 f .; Jeans, Democracy and Socialism, pp. 258, 306; Weyrauch, Chinas Democratic Traditions, pp. 210 ff., 233; Fung, In Search of Chinese Democracy, p. 54.
  3. ↑ Weyrauch, Chinas democratic traditions, pp. 211 ff .; Articles 7 and 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of China of December 25, 1946, http://www.taiwandocuments.org/constitution01.htm#C002_ .