Nawaro bonus
In Germany, the Nawaro bonus (“bonus for electricity from renewable raw materials ”) is an additional payment for electricity that is produced from renewable raw materials. This is regulated in the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). This bonus is particularly relevant for biogas plants and biomass cogeneration plants and is important for economic operation. Since the amendment to the EEG in 2012, a bonus for renewable raw materials is no longer provided.
Definition of the term Nawaro in the EEG 2009
The definition of renewable raw materials (NawaRo) is located in the plant 2 II Nr. 1 EEG 2009. Accordingly If it is to plants or plant components, that is biomass , in agriculture, forestry or landscape maintenance incurred are and other by no processing until have been processed or modified for harvesting, conservation and bioenergy use. The definition of liquid manure that does not belong to NawaRo but still receives the bonus can be found in Annex 2 II No. 2 EEG 2009.
The eligibility requirements for the bonus for “renewable raw materials” are explained in Appendix 2 of the 2009 EEG. The input materials that receive the bonus are delimited more precisely by a positive and negative list in Appendix 2 II, III, IV and V.
The amount of the bonus payment
In § 27 of the EEG 2009 a basic tariff for electricity from biomass is specified. This remuneration can be topped up with the Nawaro bonus. In addition to the general bonus, there is a slightly higher rate for electricity from smaller biogas plants . The so-called liquid manure bonus can be added if at least 30% liquid manure is used (mass fraction in the substrate ) . If landscape conservation material is predominantly used, there is another bonus. The prerequisite for the bonuses and surcharges are conditions that are explained in detail in the EEG. The values listed in the table apply to a system that was commissioned in 2009 and is set for 20 years. For plants commissioned in the following year, the renewable energy bonus, like the basic remuneration, is subject to an annual degression of 1% (§ 20 EEG 2009). The Nawaro bonus can also be combined with other additional payments. It may be possible to receive the technology bonus , formaldehyde bonus and / or the CHP bonus at the same time . The liquid manure bonus is often mentioned as an independent bonus, but requires entitlement to the renewable energy bonus and is therefore regulated in Appendix 2 of the EEG 2009.
| 0 to 150 kW | 151 to 500 kW | 501 to 5000 kW | over 5000 kW | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Nawaro bonus | 6th | 6th | 4th | 0 |
| Surcharge for landscape maintenance material | + 2 | + 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nawaro bonus for electricity from biogas | 7th | 7th | 4th | 0 |
| Surcharge liquid manure bonus for renewable electricity from biogas | + 4 | + 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nawaro bonus wood-based power generation | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0 |
Introduction, adjustment and effects of the Nawaro bonus
As part of the amendment to the EEG, a renewable energy bonus was introduced for the first time in 2004. Until then, biogas plants could mostly only be operated economically with liquid manure or inexpensive organic waste or by-products. The introduction of the bonus was intended to expand electricity generation from biogas. By 2007 the number of biogas plants doubled. The expansion stagnated due to a high price for agricultural products in 2007. For this reason, among other things, an increase in the Nawaro bonus was demanded. This was implemented in the amendment to the EEG that has been in effect since 2009. The remuneration for the output portion up to 500 kW was increased by one cent to 7 cents / kWh. In addition, among other changes, the liquid manure bonus and the formaldehyde bonus were introduced. Small systems in particular receive funding. Another new feature is the landscape conservation bonus, which together with the Nawaro bonus results in surcharges of 8 cents / kWh. The remuneration for electricity from wood was not changed.
An important change in the 2009 EEG was also the abolition of the principle of exclusivity, which until then had only allowed the exclusive use of Nawaros in a biogas plant. This made a combination with other substrates possible for both newly built systems and for old systems.
Criticism is that by the bioenergy a surface competition , z. B. for food production. The Nawaro bonus in particular means that the cultivation of energy crops , such as energy maize in particular , increases sharply.